论文标题
通过争议解决的信息从理论上确保平等测试协议
Information-theoretically secure equality-testing protocol with dispute resolution
论文作者
论文摘要
在某些情况下，两个远程用户每个都有数据，并希望（i）验证其数据的平等性，（ii）随后发现差异时，确定两者中的哪个修改了他的数据。最常见的例子是他们要在哪里验证交换消息。另一个可能的示例是，他们在偏远的地方拥有巨大的数据库及其镜像，并且每当数据之间发现差异时，他们都可以确定两个用户中的哪一个是怪罪的。当然，如果允许使用计算假设，则可以轻松地使用数字签名来实现此功能。但是，如果人们需要信息理论安全性，则没有已知的方法可以有效地意识到此功能，即使用秘密密钥，通信和受信任的第三方都足够小。为了通过信息理论安全有效地实现此功能，我们在这里将``以争议解决方案''定义为``等价协议''作为新框架。我们的协议与具有相似功能的先前方法之间的最重要差异是，在检查数据平等时，我们允许受信任的第三方的干预。在这个新框架中，我们还提出了一个明确的协议，该协议在理论上是安全有效的。
There are often situations where two remote users each have data, and wish to (i) verify the equality of their data, and (ii) whenever a discrepancy is found afterwards, determine which of the two modified his data. The most common example is where they want to authenticate messages they exchange. Another possible example is where they have a huge database and its mirror in remote places, and whenever a discrepancy is found between their data, they can determine which of the two users is to blame. Of course, if one is allowed to use computational assumptions, this function can be realized readily, e.g., by using digital signatures. However, if one needs information-theoretic security, there is no known method that realizes this function efficiently, i.e., with secret key, communication, and trusted third parties all being sufficiently small. In order to realize this function efficiently with information-theoretic security, we here define the ``equality-testing protocol with dispute resolution'' as a new framework. The most significant difference between our protocol and the previous methods with similar functions is that we allow the intervention of a trusted third party when checking the equality of the data. In this new framework, we also present an explicit protocol that is information-theoretically secure and efficient.
