立方体：未来的紫外光谱仪

论文标题

立方体：未来的紫外光谱仪

CUBES: a UV spectrograph for the future

论文作者

Covino, S., Cristiani, S., Alcala', J. M., Alencar, S. H. P., Balashev, S. A., Barbuy, B., Bastian, N., Battino, U., Bissell, L., Bristow, P., Calcines, A., Calderone, G., Cambianica, P., Carini, R., Carter, B., Cassisi, S., Castilho, B. V., Cescutti, G., Christlieb, N., Cirami, R., Conzelmann, R., Coretti, I., Cooke, R., Cremonese, G., Cunha, K., Cupani, G., da Silva, A. R., D'Auria, D., De Caprio, V., De Cia, A., Dekker, H., D'Elia, V., De Silva, G., Diaz, M., Di Marcantonio, P., D'Odorico, V., Ernandes, H., Evans, C., Fitzsimmons, A., Franchini, M., Gaensicke, B., Genoni, M., Giribaldi, R. E., Gneiding, C., Grazian, A., Hansen, C. J., Hopgood, J., Kosmalski, J., La Forgia, F., La Penna, P., Landoni, M., Lazzarin, M., Lunney, D., Maciel, W., Marcolino, W., Marconi, M., Migliorini, A., Miller, C., Modigliani, A., Noterdaeme, P., Oggioni, L., Opitom, C., Pariani, G., Pilecki, B., Piranomonte, S., Quirrenbach, A., Redaelli, E. M. A., Pereira, C. B., Randich, S., Rossi, S., Sanchez-Janssen, R., Schoeller, M., Seifert, W., Smiljanic, R., Snodgrass, C., Squalli, O., Stilz, I., Stuermer, J., Trost, A., Vanzella, E., Ventura, P., Verducci, O., Waring, C., Watson, S., Wells, M., Wright, D., Zafar, T., Zanutta, A., Zins, G.

论文摘要

尽管在紫外线/光学/NIR系列中出现了极大的望远镜，但在可预见的将来，当前一代的8-10m设施在地面波长的竞争中可能仍然具有竞争力。 Cassegrain U波段有效光谱仪（立方体）旨在在近紫外线（305-400 nm需求，300-420 nm目标）中提供高效率（> 40％）的观察结果，该光谱解析能力> 20,000 r> 20,000，尽管也是较低分辨率的，较低分辨率的，较低的r〜7,000的天空模式。立方体将在许多天体物理学领域提供新的可能性，可提供对恒星光谱的关键线：铁峰和沉重的元素的巨大多样性，较轻的元素（尤其是铍）和轻元素分子（CO，CO，CN，OH），以及Balmer Lines和Balmer Lines和Balmer and Balmer and the Balmer Regk（对于年轻的stellar对象）。紫外线范围在阿拉加术研究中也至关重要：遥远星系的圆形介质，不同类型的来源对宇宙紫外线背景的贡献，在相对透明的层间培养基方面的测量和原始氘的测量以及爆炸性瞬变的随访。 Cubes项目于2021年6月完成了A阶段A阶段设计，现在已进入B阶段，专门针对详细的设计和构建。计划于2028年进行首次科学运营。在本文中，我们简要描述了立方体项目开发和目标，主要科学案例，仪器设计以及项目组织和管理。

In spite of the advent of extremely large telescopes in the UV/optical/NIR range, the current generation of 8-10m facilities is likely to remain competitive at ground-UV wavelengths for the foreseeable future. The Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) has been designed to provide high-efficiency (>40%) observations in the near UV (305-400 nm requirement, 300-420 nm goal) at a spectral resolving power of R>20,000, although a lower-resolution, sky-limited mode of R ~ 7,000 is also planned. CUBES will offer new possibilities in many fields of astrophysics, providing access to key lines of stellar spectra: a tremendous diversity of iron-peak and heavy elements, lighter elements (in particular Beryllium) and light-element molecules (CO, CN, OH), as well as Balmer lines and the Balmer jump (particularly important for young stellar objects). The UV range is also critical in extragalactic studies: the circumgalactic medium of distant galaxies, the contribution of different types of sources to the cosmic UV background, the measurement of H2 and primordial Deuterium in a regime of relatively transparent intergalactic medium, and follow-up of explosive transients. The CUBES project completed a Phase A conceptual design in June 2021 and has now entered the Phase B dedicated to detailed design and construction. First science operations are planned for 2028. In this paper, we briefly describe the CUBES project development and goals, the main science cases, the instrument design and the project organization and management.

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