论文标题
用于诊断超声的性能评估的凝胶蜡幻影：评估图像均匀性，几何精度和直径的高回声靶标
A gel wax phantom for performance evaluation in diagnostic ultrasound: assessment of image uniformity, geometric accuracy, and diameter of a hyperechoic target
论文作者
论文摘要
目的：通过将靶标嵌入凝胶蜡中以确定图像均匀性，侧向和轴向分辨率以及不锈钢圆盘的直径，以开发和验证诊断超声（US）扫描仪的幻影。材料和方法：确定了凝胶蜡中的美国速度（CUS），声阻抗（Z）和衰减系数的声学特性（AP）。使用脉冲回波技术估算了CUS和衰减系数。 z是从样品密度（\ r {ho}）和cus的乘积获得的。使用聚氟乙烯（PTFE）板，孔隔开了5、10和20 mm的两个矩形框架。将尼龙丝和SS-盘（直径= 16.8毫米）穿过框架，并适当地放入融化的凝胶蜡中以获得正交靶标。使用计算机断层扫描（CT）和2-9 MHz US探针测量目标。结果：凝胶蜡的AP cus = 1418 m/s，\ r {ho} = 0.87 g/cm3，z = 1.23 mrayls，衰减系数= 0.88 db/cm/mhz。将我们对目标成像的结果与它们的物理大小进行了比较，并用作扫描仪和探针的基准。幻影美国图像中距离测量的最大误差为7.1％，在62周内，幻影体积降低了1.8％。结论：凝胶蜡可用于开发可负担得起的，高度稳定和可定制的美国幻影，可以广泛实施。
Purpose: To develop and validate a phantom for diagnostic ultrasound (US) scanners by embedding targets in gel wax to determine the image uniformity, lateral and axial resolution, and diameter of a stainless-steel disc. Materials and Methods: Acoustic property (AP), which includes the velocity of US (cus), acoustic impedance (Z), and attenuation coefficient in gel wax were determined. The cus, and attenuation coefficient were estimated using the pulse-echo technique. Z was obtained from the product of sample density (\r{ho}) and cus. Two rectangular frames using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheets with holes separated by 5, 10, and 20 mm distances were constructed. Nylon filaments and SS-disc (diameter = 16.8 mm) were threaded through the frames and suitably placed in melted gel wax to obtain orthogonal targets. The targets were measured using computerized tomography (CT) and a 2-9 MHz US probe. Results: The AP of gel wax were cus=1418 m/s, \r{ho}= 0.87 g/cm3, Z=1.23 MRayls, attenuation coefficient= 0.88 dB/cm/MHz. The results of US imaging of the targets were compared with their physical sizes and served as baselines for the scanner and probe. The maximum error in distance measurement in the phantom US images was 7.1%, and the phantom volume decreased by 1.8% over 62 weeks. Conclusion: Gel wax can be useful in developing affordable, highly stable, and customizable diagnostic US phantoms that can be implemented widely.
