论文标题

模拟量子模拟器中错误的量子优势和稳定性

Quantum advantage and stability to errors in analogue quantum simulators

论文作者

Trivedi, Rahul, Rubio, Adrian Franco, Cirac, J. Ignacio

论文摘要

几个量子硬件平台虽然无法执行完全容忍故障的量子计算,但仍可以作为用于解决多体问题的模拟量子模拟器。但是,由于存在错误,尚不清楚这些设备在多大程度上可以为我们提供有关古典计算机的优势。在这项工作中,我们考虑使用嘈杂的模拟量子模拟器来计算在平衡和正在进行动力学方面的多体系统的物理相关特性。我们首先针对广泛的误差制定了系统大小的稳定性概念,我们为高斯费米昂模型以及有限类别的自旋系统证明了这一点。值得注意的是,对于高斯费米昂模型,我们的分析显示了具有长期相关性的关键模型的稳定性。此外,我们分析了这种稳定性如何导致量子优势,因为在存在恒定错误率且没有任何显式误差校正的情况下,计算多体模型的热力学极限的问题。

Several quantum hardware platforms, while being unable to perform fully fault-tolerant quantum computation, can still be operated as analogue quantum simulators for addressing many-body problems. However, due to the presence of errors, it is not clear to what extent those devices can provide us with an advantage with respect to classical computers. In this work we consider the use of noisy analogue quantum simulators for computing physically relevant properties of many-body systems both in equilibrium and undergoing dynamics. We first formulate a system-size independent notion of stability against extensive errors, which we prove for Gaussian fermion models, as well as for a restricted class of spin systems. Remarkably, for the Gaussian fermion models, our analysis shows the stability of critical models which have long-range correlations. Furthermore, we analyze how this stability may lead to a quantum advantage, for the problem of computing the thermodynamic limit of many-body models, in the presence of a constant error rate and without any explicit error correction.

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