论文标题
ACCEAR:加速度计的声学窃听,不受约束的词汇
AccEar: Accelerometer Acoustic Eavesdropping with Unconstrained Vocabulary
论文作者
论文摘要
随着基于语音的应用程序的日益普及,声学窃听已成为对用户隐私的严重威胁。在智能手机上,对麦克风的访问需要明确的用户许可,但声学窃听的攻击可以依靠运动传感器(例如加速度计和陀螺仪),而访问不受限制。但是,此类攻击的先前情况只能识别一组有限的预训练单词或短语。在本文中,我们提出了Accear,这是一个基于加速度计的声学窃听攻击,可以重建具有无限制词汇的智能手机扬声器上播放的任何音频。我们表明,攻击者可以采用有条件的生成对抗网络(CGAN)来从低频加速度计信号中重建较高的音频。提出的CGAN模型学会了通过通过频谱图的增强来从低频加速度计信号中重新创建用户声音的高频组件。我们在使用16个公众人物的音频中进行了一系列实验中,评估了Accear Attack的可行性和有效性。如客观评估和主观评估中的结果所示,在不同情况下成功地从加速度计信号中重建用户演讲,包括不同的采样率,音频量,设备模型等。
With the increasing popularity of voice-based applications, acoustic eavesdropping has become a serious threat to users' privacy. While on smartphones the access to microphones needs an explicit user permission, acoustic eavesdropping attacks can rely on motion sensors (such as accelerometer and gyroscope), which access is unrestricted. However, previous instances of such attacks can only recognize a limited set of pre-trained words or phrases. In this paper, we present AccEar, an accelerometerbased acoustic eavesdropping attack that can reconstruct any audio played on the smartphone's loudspeaker with unconstrained vocabulary. We show that an attacker can employ a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) to reconstruct highfidelity audio from low-frequency accelerometer signals. The presented cGAN model learns to recreate high-frequency components of the user's voice from low-frequency accelerometer signals through spectrogram enhancement. We assess the feasibility and effectiveness of AccEar attack in a thorough set of experiments using audio from 16 public personalities. As shown by the results in both objective and subjective evaluations, AccEar successfully reconstructs user speeches from accelerometer signals in different scenarios including varying sampling rate, audio volume, device model, etc.