论文标题
观察原子超流体中的自图案缺陷形成 - 从戒指深色孤子到涡旋偶极子项链
Observation of self-patterned defect formation in atomic superfluids -- from ring dark solitons to vortex dipole necklaces
论文作者
论文摘要
在多维非线性培养基中揭示孤子和拓扑缺陷结构的非平衡动力学是各种领域的当前边界。典型对象之一是环形孤子（RDS），其动力学有望从横向（蛇）不稳定性中显示出对称性和自我图案的拓扑缺陷形成之间的显着相互作用，但因此，它已经避免了完整的实验性观察。在这里，我们报告了将RDS生成的实验性实现，这是一个被困在圆形盒中的二维原子超流体。通过淬灭限制框的电势，我们观察到从边缘发出的RD及其在径向运动中的特殊签名。随着RDS的发展，我们观察到离散方位角的横向调制，这显然导致了圆形涡流偶极阵列的图案形成。通过涡旋偶极子与盒子陷阱的碰撞，我们观察到涡旋解开，涡旋固定在边缘以及稀疏脉冲的发射。我们的Box-Quench协议开辟了一种研究多维暗孤子，拓扑缺陷的结构化形成以及有序量子涡流问题的动力学的新方法。
Unveiling nonequilibrium dynamics of solitonic and topological defect structures in a multidimensional nonlinear medium is a current frontier across diverse fields. One of the quintessential objects is a ring dark soliton (RDS), whose dynamics are expected to display remarkable interplay between symmetry and self-patterned topological defect formation from a transverse (snake) instability, but it has thus far evaded full experimental observations. Here, we report an experimental realization of RDS generation in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid trapped in a circular box. By quenching the confining box potential, we observe an RDS emitted from the edge and its peculiar signature in the radial motion. As an RDS evolves, we observe transverse modulations at discrete azimuthal angles, which clearly result in a patterned formation of a circular vortex dipole array. Through collisions of the vortex dipoles with the box trap, we observe vortex unbinding, vortex pinning to the edge, and emission of rarefaction pulses. Our box-quench protocol opens a new way to study multidimensional dark solitons, structured formation of topological defects, and potentially the dynamics of ordered quantum vortex matter.
