论文标题

GW190412:通过高阶重力波模式测量黑洞后坐力方向

GW190412: measuring a black-hole recoil direction through higher-order gravitational-wave modes

论文作者

Bustillo, Juan Calderón, Leong, Samson H. W., Chandra, Koustav

论文摘要

一般相对论预测重力波(GWS)具有线性动量。因此,黑洞合并的残留黑洞可以继承后坐力或``踢''至关重要的含义,例如黑洞形成方案。虽然踢的幅度取决于源的质量比和旋转,但估计其方向需要测量源的两个方向角。尽管GW观测值通常报告了轨道倾斜角,但迄今为止,方位角被忽略了。我们展示了多种GW发射模式的存在如何允许限制此角度,从而确定实际GW事件中的踢球方向。 %我们表明,高阶模式内容GW190412可以确定这两个角度,从而确定踢球方向。我们分析了包含高阶模式的GW190412信号,该信号具有黑洞合并的数值替代替代波形模型。我们发现,虽然GW190412几乎没有踢球幅度的信息,但我们可以限制其方向。此表格$θ_{kl}^{\ text {-100m}} = 28^{+23} _ { - 11} \,°$,轨道动量以参考时间为$ t _ {\ rm Ref} = - 100 \,m $ prepential the Merger(是优先踢出的), $θ_{KN}=37^{+15}_{-12}\,°$ with the line-of-sight and $ϕ_{KN}^{\text{-100M}}=46^{+32}_{-41}\,°$ with the projection of the latter onto the former, all at the $68\%$ credible level.我们简要地讨论了这种类型的测量在活性银河核中发生的黑洞合并的多通间观察的潜在应用。

General relativity predicts that gravitational waves (GWs) carry linear momentum. Consequently, the remnant black hole of a black-hole merger can inherit a recoil velocity or ``kick'' of crucial implications in, e.g, black-hole formation scenarios. While the kick magnitude is determined by the mass ratio and spins of the source, estimating its direction requires a measurement of the two orientation angles of the source. While the orbital inclination angle is commonly reported in GW observations, the azimuthal one has been to date ignored. We show how the presence of more than one GW emission mode allows constraining this angle and, consequently, determines the kick direction in a real GW event. %We show that the higher-order mode content GW190412 enables the determination of both these angles and, consequently, the kick direction. We analyse the GW190412 signal, which contains higher-order modes, with a numerical-relativity surrogate waveform model for black-hole mergers. We find that while GW190412 is barely informative about the kick magnitude, we can constrain its direction. This forms angles $θ_{KL}^{\text{-100M}}=28^{+23}_{-11}\,°$ with the orbital angular momentum defined at a reference time $t_{\rm ref}=-100\,M$ before merger (being preferentially kicked upwards), $θ_{KN}=37^{+15}_{-12}\,°$ with the line-of-sight and $ϕ_{KN}^{\text{-100M}}=46^{+32}_{-41}\,°$ with the projection of the latter onto the former, all at the $68\%$ credible level. We briefly discuss the potential application of this type of measurement for multi-messenger observations of black-hole mergers occurring in Active Galactic Nuclei.

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