论文标题
计算中的性别偏见
Gender Bias in Computing
论文作者
论文摘要
本文研究了美国计算劳动力中性别偏见的历史维度。它在1970年代美国人口普查数据的可用性之前提供了有关计算劳动力的新定量数据。计算机用户组（包括Share，Inc。和Mark IV软件用户组）被视为计算劳动力的横截面。开发了一种新型的性别分析方法，以估计从1950年代开始的女性和男性参与计算。此处提供的数据与众所周知的NSF统计数据一致，该统计数据显示了计算机科学本科课程，在1965年至1985年期间招收了越来越多的女学生。这些发现挑战了“制作男性化的”论文，并有助于纠正通常被引用的不切实际的高数字，以供女性参与早期计算机编程。当今计算中的性别偏见不是可以追溯到1960年代的专业化，而是指1980年代及以后的文化变化。
This paper examines the historical dimension of gender bias in the US computing workforce. It offers new quantitative data on the computing workforce prior to the availability of US Census data in the 1970s. Computer user groups (including SHARE, Inc., and the Mark IV software user group) are taken as a cross-section of the computing workforce. A novel method of gender analysis is developed to estimate women's and men's participation in computing beginning in the 1950s. The data presented here are consistent with well-known NSF statistics that show computer science undergraduate programs enrolling increasing numbers of women students during 1965-1985. These findings challenge the 'making programming masculine' thesis, and serve to correct the unrealistically high figures often cited for women's participation in early computer programming. Gender bias in computing today is traced not to 1960s professionalization but to cultural changes in the 1980s and beyond.
