论文标题

通过Theseus提高地球地图估计的改进

Towards Improved Heliosphere Sky Map Estimation with Theseus

论文作者

Osthus, Dave, Weaver, Brian P., Beesley, Lauren J., Moran, Kelly R., Ausdemore, Madeline A., Zirnstein, Eric J., Janzen, Paul H., Reisenfeld, Daniel B.

论文摘要

自2008年以来,星际边界探险仪(IBEX)卫星一直在轨道上,并检测到源自Heliosphere的能量分辨能量中性原子(ENA)。地球球的不同区域以不同的速率产生eNA。将IBEX收集的数据并估算出比以前更高的分辨率的地球层ENA速率(称为天空图)的空间图是科学的。这些天空图随后将用于辨别目前无法使用的竞争性地球层特性理论。数据IBEX对天空图的估计提出了挑战。这两个主要挑战是嘈杂的,不规则间隔的数据收集以及IBEX仪器的点扩展功能。从本质上讲,IBEX收集的数据既嘈杂又有偏见,这是推理兴趣的基础天空图。在本文中,我们提出了一个两个阶段的天空图估计程序,称为Theseus。在第1阶段,Theseus使用合奏方法从嘈杂和不规则间隔的数据中估算出模糊的天空图,该方法利用投影追踪回归和广义添加剂模型。在第2阶段,Theseus使用正规化将PSF与模糊的映射进行反浏览来消除天空图。通过引导程序计算出未灌注的天空图不确定性。我们将Theseus与与IBEX科学操作中心(ISOC)在模拟和真实数据上使用的操作密切相关的方法进行了比较。在模拟数据上,Theseus的表现几乎在所有考虑的指标中都优于ISOC,这表明Theseus比目前的最新状态有所改善。

The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) satellite has been in orbit since 2008 and detects energy-resolved energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) originating from the heliosphere. Different regions of the heliosphere generate ENAs at different rates. It is of scientific interest to take the data collected by IBEX and estimate spatial maps of heliospheric ENA rates (referred to as sky maps) at higher resolutions than before. These sky maps will subsequently be used to discern between competing theories of heliosphere properties that are not currently possible. The data IBEX collects present challenges to sky map estimation. The two primary challenges are noisy and irregularly spaced data collection and the IBEX instrumentation's point spread function. In essence, the data collected by IBEX are both noisy and biased for the underlying sky map of inferential interest. In this paper, we present a two-stage sky map estimation procedure called Theseus. In Stage 1, Theseus estimates a blurred sky map from the noisy and irregularly spaced data using an ensemble approach that leverages projection pursuit regression and generalized additive models. In Stage 2, Theseus deblurs the sky map by deconvolving the PSF with the blurred map using regularization. Unblurred sky map uncertainties are computed via bootstrapping. We compare Theseus to a method closely related to the one operationally used today by the IBEX Science Operation Center (ISOC) on both simulated and real data. Theseus outperforms ISOC in nearly every considered metric on simulated data, indicating that Theseus is an improvement over the current state of the art.

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