论文标题

气泡从收缩不稳定的增长

Unstable growth of bubbles from a constriction

论文作者

Grosjean, Marc, Lorenceau, Elise

论文摘要

在工程的许多领域,包括微流体,可以用作筛选化学反应的微反应器,气泡和液滴无处不在。它们通常是由收缩(微流体通道或圆柱管)形成的,它是通过将给定的气体吹入液相的。能够控制它们的大小显然至关重要,这并不总是容易的,因为气泡的体积与Laplace定律引起的气压之间的耦合。在本文中,我们检查了从圆柱管吹出的肥皂气泡的大小和形成动力学,这是气泡和液滴形成的范式几何形状。为此,管子的一端被肥皂膜关闭,而另一端则连接到充满气体的可变体积的大储层。为了使气泡中的气体充气,我们减少了储层的体积,该储层的体积模仿了通过肺diaphragm的空气充气或在微流体几何形状(例如流动为方便)中的流量率驱动的气泡形成。随着储层的体积减小,气体压力增加,肥皂膜曲线并采用球形帽的形式,曲率半径越来越小。这个准静态过程一直持续到达到气泡为准毛的临界压力为止。除了这种压力之外,该胶片经历了快速的拓扑转换,并且迅速膨胀(不到一百毫秒),直到达到最终体积为止。我们特别是通过证明这种不稳定制度出现的不稳定的不稳定,当我们指定的表达式达到临界价值时,就会出现这种不稳定的制度。使用我们在分析上求解的准静态模型,我们预测了为任何储层体积和收缩尺寸而产生的气泡生长动力学和气泡的最终高度。

Bubbles and droplets are ubiquitous in many areas of engineering, including microfluidics where they can serve as microreactors for screening of chemical reactions. They are often formed out of a constriction (a microfluidic channel or a cylindrical tube) by blowing a given volume of gas into a liquid phase. It is obviously crucial to be able to control their size, which is not always easy due to the coupling between the volume of the bubble and the gas pressure induced by the Laplace law. In this paper, we examine the size and formation dynamics of soap bubbles blown from a cylindrical tube, which is the paradigm geometry for bubble and droplet formation. To do so, one end of the tube is closed by a soap film, while the other end is connected to a large reservoir of variable volume filled with gas. To inflate the gas in the bubble, we reduce the volume of the reservoir, which mimics air inflation through the lung diaphragm or the flow-rate driven bubble formation in microfluidics geometry such as flow-focusing. As the volume of the reservoir decreases, the gas pressure increases, the soap film curves and takes the form of a spherical cap with an increasingly smaller radius of curvature. This quasi-static process continues until a critical pressure is reached for which the bubble is quasi-hemispherical. Beyond this pressure, the film undergoes a rapid topological transformation and swells very rapidly (in less than a hundred ms) until it reaches its final volume. We describe this instability in particular by showing that this unstable regime appears when a dimensionless number - whose expression we specify - reaches a critical value. Using a quasi-static model that we solve analytically, we predict the bubble growth dynamics and the final height of the bubble produced for any reservoir volume and constriction size.

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