论文标题
向自动驾驶有关道路规则的建议
Advising Autonomous Cars about the Rules of the Road
论文作者
论文摘要
本文介绍了(r)ules(o)f(t)he(r)oad(a)dvisor,该代理提供了推荐的和可能从一组人级规则产生的措施。 我们以形式和一个例子描述了Rotra的结构和设计。具体来说,我们使用Rotra将英国的“道路规则”形式化和实施,并描述如何将其纳入自动驾驶汽车中,以便他们可以在内部推荐遵守道路规则。此外,根据《英国公路法规》(《道路规则》)的规定,规则是否必须采取行动,或者仅建议采取行动,以指示生成的可能的行动。利用该系统的好处包括能够适应不同司法管辖区的不同法规;允许从规则到行为的清晰可追溯性,并提供外部自动责任机制,可以检查在某些给定情况下是否遵守规则。 通过具体的例子,对自动驾驶汽车的模拟显示如何通过将自动驾驶汽车放置在许多情况下,这些场景测试了汽车遵守道路规则的能力。 合并该系统的自动驾驶汽车能够确保他们遵守道路和外部(法律或监管)机构的规则,可以验证这种情况,没有车辆或其制造商必须揭露其源代码或使其工作透明或使他们的工作透明,从而使汽车公司,司法管辖区以及一般公众之间的信任更大。
This paper describes (R)ules (o)f (T)he (R)oad (A)dvisor, an agent that provides recommended and possible actions to be generated from a set of human-level rules. We describe the architecture and design of RoTRA, both formally and with an example. Specifically, we use RoTRA to formalise and implement the UK "Rules of the Road", and describe how this can be incorporated into autonomous cars such that they can reason internally about obeying the rules of the road. In addition, the possible actions generated are annotated to indicate whether the rules state that the action must be taken or that they only recommend that the action should be taken, as per the UK Highway Code (Rules of The Road). The benefits of utilising this system include being able to adapt to different regulations in different jurisdictions; allowing clear traceability from rules to behaviour, and providing an external automated accountability mechanism that can check whether the rules were obeyed in some given situation. A simulation of an autonomous car shows, via a concrete example, how trust can be built by putting the autonomous vehicle through a number of scenarios which test the car's ability to obey the rules of the road. Autonomous cars that incorporate this system are able to ensure that they are obeying the rules of the road and external (legal or regulatory) bodies can verify that this is the case, without the vehicle or its manufacturer having to expose their source code or make their working transparent, thus allowing greater trust between car companies, jurisdictions, and the general public.