论文标题

凸模型的预测控制风力涡轮机的下调策略

Convex Model Predictive Control for Down-regulation Strategies in Wind Turbines

论文作者

Silva, Jean Gonzalez, Ferrari, Riccardo, van Wingerden, Jan-Willem

论文摘要

风力涡轮机(WT)控制器通常是针对最大功率提取的,而应保证合适的操作约束,以保护WT组件免受故障的保护。还可以设计控制策略以减少生成的功率,例如跟踪电网操作员提供的功率参考。它们被称为下调策略,并允许平衡发电和网格负载,并提供辅助网格服务,例如频率调节。尽管这种平衡受风的可用性和电网需求的限制,但通过引入利用涡轮动力学动能的下调策略,可以提高风能的质量。本文展示了如何通过不同的下调策略将涡轮机旋转组件中的动能用作额外的自由度。特别是,我们基于单个风力涡轮机的凸模型预测控制(MPC)探讨了功率跟踪问题。 MPC的使用使我们能够引入进一步的约束,以确保流动稳定性并避免失速条件。模拟结果用于说明开发的下调策略的性能。值得注意的是,通过最大化转子速度并因此,即使发生可用风能的偶尔饱和,涡轮机仍然可以暂时保证跟踪给定的功率参考。在研究案例中,我们证明了我们的方法可以保证在饱和条件下的功率跟踪比传统的下调策略长10倍。

Wind turbine (WT) controllers are often geared towards maximum power extraction, while suitable operating constraints should be guaranteed such that WT components are protected from failures. Control strategies can be also devised to reduce the generated power, for instance to track a power reference provided by the grid operator. They are called down-regulation strategies and allow to balance power generation and grid loads, as well as to provide ancillary grid services, such as frequency regulation. Although this balance is limited by the wind availability and grid demand, the quality of wind energy can be improved by introducing down-regulation strategies that make use of the kinetic energy of the turbine dynamics. This paper shows how the kinetic energy in the rotating components of turbines can be used as an additional degree-of-freedom by different down-regulation strategies. In particular we explore the power tracking problem based on convex model predictive control (MPC) at a single wind turbine. The use of MPC allows us to introduce a further constraint that guarantees flow stability and avoids stall conditions. Simulation results are used to illustrate the performance of the developed down-regulation strategies. Notably, by maximizing rotor speeds, and thus kinetic energy, the turbine can still temporarily guarantee tracking of a given power reference even when occasional saturation of the available wind power occurs. In the study case we proved that our approach can guarantee power tracking in saturated conditions for 10 times longer than with traditional down-regulation strategies.

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