论文标题
挥发性丰富的彗星在太阳系形成期间早期弹出
Volatile-rich comets ejected early on during Solar System formation
论文作者
论文摘要
C/2016 R2 Panstarrs（以下简称C/2016 R2）表现出异常高的N2/CO丰度比，以及H2O的大量耗尽，使其成为唯一已知的同类彗星。因此，了解它的动态历史至关重要，因为它可以使我们对太阳系中行星形成的演变有更清晰的了解。两项研究已独立地估计了该彗星的可能起源，该彗星是从protoplanetary磁盘的特殊区域中形成的，在CO和N2的冰线附近形成的。我们打算调查这些区域中构建基块形成的物体的命运。我们希望为我们的太阳系中缺乏C/2016 R2彗星找到一种可能的解释。使用太阳系形成的早期阶段的数值模拟，我们基于原始磁盘的五个不同初始条件来跟踪这些对象的动力学。随着时间的流逝，我们整合了250 000个行星的位置，以分析其轨道的演变并创建其预期的永久轨道的统计概况。结果。我们发现，在共同和N2-冰线区域中形成的对象很可能会向Oort云发送，或者可能在相对较短的时间范围内从太阳系中弹出。在我们的所有模拟中，该区域中形成的克隆中有超过90％演变为双曲线轨迹，而Oort云可能会捕获1％至10％的克隆。剩下的少数彗星要么在长期，高度偏心的轨道上，例如C/2016 R2，要么吸收到Edgeworth-kuiper带中。形成<15 au的彗星在编队时间表的早期主要弹出。由于这是可能产生该构图的彗星的地层区域，因此此过程可以解释在太阳系中观察到的类似彗星
Comet C/2016 R2 PanSTARRS (hereafter C/2016 R2) presents an unusually high N2/CO abundance ratio, as well as a heavy depletion in H2O, making it the only known comet of its kind. Understanding its dynamical history is therefore of essential importance as it would allow us to gain a clearer understanding of the evolution of planetesimal formation in our Solar System. Two studies have independently estimated the possible origin of this comet from building blocks formed in a peculiar region of the protoplanetary disk, near the ice line of CO and N2. We intend to investigate the fates of objects formed from the building blocks in these regions. We hope to find a possible explanation for the lack of C/2016 R2-like comets in our Solar System. Using a numerical simulation of the early stages of Solar System formation, we track the dynamics of these objects in the Jumping Neptune scenario based on five different initial conditions for the protosolar disk. We integrate the positions of 250 000 planetesimals over time in order to analyze the evolution of their orbits and create a statistical profile of their expected permanent orbit. Results. We find that objects formed in the region of the CO- and N2- ice lines are highly likely to be sent towards the Oort Cloud or possibly ejected from the Solar System altogether on a relatively short timescale. In all our simulations, over 90% of clones formed in this region evolved into a hyperbolic trajectory, and between 1% and 10% were potentially captured by the Oort Cloud. The handful of comets that remained were either on long-period, highly eccentric orbits like C/2016 R2, or absorbed into the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt. Comets formed <15 au were predominantly ejected early in the formation timeline. As this is the formation zone likely to produce comets of this composition, this process could explain the lack of similar comets observed in the Solar System
