论文标题
物理黑洞附近的物质和力
Matter and forces near physical black holes
论文作者
论文摘要
我们描述了半经典重力中常规球形对称黑洞的形成和消失的一般特征。允许的模型在关键上取决于所产生的对象根据遥远观察者在有限时间内演变的要求。必须违反无效的能量条件（NEC），这是必须发生的，我们研究了明显的地平线附近必要的能量量张量的特性。在对大型测试颗粒运动学的研究中，发现只有当颗粒被收缩的外部明显范围取代时，只有在ingoing轨迹上逃脱。地球观察者经历的潮气力在明显的地平线上被证明是有限的，尽管对于非地球轨迹并不是这样。
We describe general features of formation and disappearance of regular spherically symmetric black holes in semiclassical gravity. The allowed models are critically dependent on the requirement that the resulting objects evolve in finite time according to a distant observer. Violation of the null energy condition (NEC) is mandatory for this to happen, and we study the properties of the necessary energy-momentum tensor in the vicinity of the apparent horizon. In studies of the kinematics of massive test particles, it is found that the escape from a black hole is possible only on the ingoing trajectories when the particles are overtaken by the contracting outer apparent horizon. Tidal forces experienced by geodesic observers, infalling or escaping, are shown to be finite at the apparent horizon, although this is not true for nongeodesic trajectories.
