论文标题

活性流体射流的不稳定性

Instability of an active fluid jet

论文作者

Ishikawa, Takuji, Dang, Thanh-Nghi, Lauga, Eric

论文摘要

长期以来,液体喷射到液滴中的破裂使自然科学家着迷,早期的研究可以追溯到19世纪。由于表面张力而导致射流的无限扰动生长,这最终导致射流分解为液滴(雷利 - 普拉托不稳定性)。尽管长期以来一直研究了这种经典现象,但是当流体被活性液代替时,尚不清楚如何对其进行修改。在这项研究中,我们研究了活性流体射流的不稳定性。活性流体是通过微晶状体的悬浮液来建模的,这些悬浮液通过产生表面切向速度(即蠕动者)来推动自己。假定蠕动的人比周围的流体较重,更重,因此在重力下,有源流体自组装的向下射流。使用Stokesian Dynamics方法计算蠕动者之间的流体动力相互作用,其中准确计算了近场流体动力学。我们发现,活跃的流体的喷射是不稳定的,在拉杆和推杆之间具有不同的不稳定模式。对于拉特勒的活跃液,射流以杂种的方式分解成液滴,让人联想到牛顿流体。另一方面,对于推动者来说,喷射扣并经历了波动的(弯曲)的不稳定。这两种不稳定性的物理机制可以通过对喷气机中的应力场的检查来理解,参数研究揭示了流体动力相互作用在不稳定性中的重要性。尽管重力和底部体重在实现向下喷射中都起着至关重要的作用,但发现它们对不稳定性的影响是有限的。我们的发现有助于揭示活动流体的集体特性的新特征。

The breakup of a fluid jet into droplets has long fascinated natural scientists, with early research dating back to the 19th century. Infinitesimal perturbations to a jet grow because of surface tension, which eventually leads to breakup of the jet into droplets (Rayleigh-Plateau instability). Although this classical phenomenon has long been studied, it is not clear how it is modified when the fluid is replaced by an active fluid. In this study, we investigate instabilities of a jet of an active fluid. The active fluid is modelled by a suspension of microswimmers that propel themselves by generating surface tangential velocities, i.e. squirmers. The squirmers are assumed to be bottom-heavy and heavier than the surrounding fluid, so that a downward jet of the active fluid self-assembles under gravity. Hydrodynamic interactions between squirmers are computed using the Stokesian dynamics method, in which near-field hydrodynamics are accurately calculated. We find that jets of active fluids are unstable, with different unstable modes between pullers and pushers. For an active fluid of pullers, the jet breaks up into droplets in a varicose manner reminiscent of a Newtonian fluid. For pushers, on the other hand, the jet buckles and undergoes a waving (sinuous) instability. The physical mechanisms for these two instabilities can be understood by an inspection of the stress fields in the jets and parametric study reveals the importance of hydrodynamic interactions in the instabilities. Although both gravity and bottom-heaviness play an essential role in realizing the downward jet, their influence on the instability is found to be limited. Our findings help reveal new features of the collective properties of active fluids.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源