论文标题

基于区块链的交通管理用于高级空气移动

Blockchain-based traffic management for Advanced Air Mobility

论文作者

de Oliveira, I. Romani, Matsumoto, T., Neto, E. C. Pinto

论文摘要

对先进空气流动性(AAM)的广泛公共利益将很快导致拥挤的天空高架城市,类似于其他运输的意义,包括商业航空在内。在后一种情况下,大距离和要求的数量飞行的结合是,具有集中控制的系统,大多数由人类操作员做出的决定都是安全的。但是,对于AAM而言,预计需求要高得多,因为它将用于人们的日常通勤。因此,较高的自动化水平将成为协调这种流量的要求,这可能不会由人类有效管理。建立固定的空气路线可以减轻复杂性,但是以限制能力和降低效率为代价。另一种选择是使用基于人工智能(AI)的强大中央系统,该系统将允许灵活的轨迹和更高的效率。但是,这样的系统将需要集中投资,可能包含单点失败(SPOF),这将是恶意攻击的备受追捧的目标,并且可能会遭受不可用的期限。 这项工作提出了一项新技术,该技术解决了使用安全的分布式方法管理AAM流量高复杂性的问题,而无需专有的集中式自动化系统。该技术通过可信赖的共享数据结构以及在区块链生态系统上运行的相关智能合约来实现分布式空域分配管理和冲突解决。这样,它通过允许对等冲突解决方案,以及对地面通信基础设施中的失败更具弹性来大大降低由于SPOF引起的系统中断风险。此外,它提供了基于优先级的平衡机制,有助于调节参与者在空域利用方面的公平性。

The large public interest in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) will soon lead to congested skies overhead cities, analogously to what happened with other transportation means, including commercial aviation. In the latter case, the combination of large distances and demanded number flights is such that a system with centralized control, with most of the decisions made by human operators, is safe. However, for AAM, it is expected a much higher demand, because it will be used for people's daily commutes. Thus, higher automation levels will become a requirement for coordinating this traffic, which might not be effectively managed by humans. The establishment of fixed air routes can abate complexity, however at the cost of limiting capacity and decreasing efficiency. Another alternative is the use of a powerful central system based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), which would allow flexible trajectories and higher efficiency. However, such system would require concentrated investment, could contain Single-Points-of-Failure (SPoFs), would be a highly sought target of malicious attacks, and would be subject to periods of unavailability. This work proposes a new technology that solves the problem of managing the high complexity of the AAM traffic with a secure distributed approach, without the need for a proprietary centralized automation system. This technology enables distributed airspace allocation management and conflict resolution by means of trusted shared data structures and associated smart contracts running on a blockchain ecosystem. This way, it greatly reduces the risk of system outages due to SPoFs, by allowing peer-to-peer conflict resolution, and being more resilient to failures in the ground communication infrastructure. Furthermore, it provides priority-based balancing mechanisms that help to regulate fairness among participants in the utilization of the airspace.

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