论文标题

与可信的执行环境的混合容错协议

Mixed Fault Tolerance Protocols with Trusted Execution Environment

论文作者

Gao, Mingyuan, Dang, Hung, Chang, Ee-Chien, Li, Jialin

论文摘要

区块链系统的设计,构建和操作在存在故障的情况下。有两个主要的故障模型,即崩溃故障和拜占庭故障。拜占庭容错(BFT)协议提供了更强的安全保证,因此在区块链系统中广泛使用。但是,他们的安全保证付出了其性能和可伸缩性的宝贵成本。几项工作改进了BFT协议,可信赖的执行环境(TEE)已被证明是一个有效的解决方案。但是,现有的工作通常假定每个参与节点都配备了TEE。对于区块链系统,参与者通常具有不同的硬件配置,即,某些节点具有TEE,而其他节点则不适用,现有的基于TEE的BFT协议不适用。 这项工作研究了并非所有参与节点都具有T恤的设置,我们在该设置下提出了一个称为混合故障的新故障模型。我们探索了一种在混合故障模型下设计有效的分布式易耐受耐受性协议的新方法。通常,混合容错(MFT)协议假设一个$ n $节点的网络,其中最多$ f = \ frac {n-2} {3} {3} $可能会遇到混合故障。我们确定了设计有效的MFT协议的两个关键原则,即(i)优先在领导协议领导协议中的非等级节点的优先级,以及(ii)倡导允许允许汇总认证消息的公共密钥加密原始基原始人的使用。我们通过规定MFT协议(即MRAFT)来展示这些设计原理。 我们使用英特尔SGX实施了MRAFT的原型,将其集成到CCF区块链框架中,进行了实验,并表明MFT协议可以获得与其BFT同步相同的安全保证,同时仍提供更好的性能(交易吞吐量和延迟)和可伸缩性。

Blockchain systems are designed, built and operated in the presence of failures. There are two dominant failure models, namely crash fault and Byzantine fault. Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocols offer stronger security guarantees, and thus are widely used in blockchain systems. However, their security guarantees come at a dear cost to their performance and scalability. Several works have improved BFT protocols, and Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) has been shown to be an effective solution. However, existing such works typically assume that each participating node is equipped with TEE. For blockchain systems wherein participants typically have different hardware configurations, i.e., some nodes feature TEE while others do not, existing TEE-based BFT protocols are not applicable. This work studies the setting wherein not all participating nodes feature TEE, under which we propose a new fault model called mixed fault. We explore a new approach to designing efficient distributed fault-tolerant protocols under the mixed fault model. In general, mixed fault tolerance (MFT) protocols assume a network of $n$ nodes, among which up to $f = \frac{n-2}{3}$ can be subject to mixed faults. We identify two key principles for designing efficient MFT protocols, namely, (i) prioritizing non-equivocating nodes in leading the protocol, and (ii) advocating the use of public-key cryptographic primitives that allow authenticated messages to be aggregated. We showcase these design principles by prescribing an MFT protocol, namely MRaft. We implemented a prototype of MRaft using Intel SGX, integrated it into the CCF blockchain framework, conducted experiments, and showed that MFT protocols can obtain the same security guarantees as their BFT counterparts while still providing better performance (both transaction throughput and latency) and scalability.

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