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Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field $\Bbbk$ of characteristic zero. Define the universal grading group $\mathcal{C}(\mathfrak{g})$ as having one generator $g_ρ$ for each irreducible $\mathfrak{g}$-representation $ρ$, one relation $g_π = g_ρ^{-1}$ whenever $π$ is weakly contained in the dual representation $ρ^*$ (i.e. the kernel of $π$ in the enveloping algebra $U(\mathfrak{g})$ contains that of $ρ^*$), and one relation $g_ρ = g_{ρ'}g_{ρ"}$ whenever $ρ$ is weakly contained in $ρ'\otimesρ"$. The main result is that attaching to an irreducible representation its central character gives an isomorphism between $\mathcal{C}(\mathfrak{g})$ and the dual $\mathfrak{z}^*$ of the center $\mathfrak{z}\le \mathfrak{g}$ when $\mathfrak{g}$ is (a) finite-dimensional solvable; (b) finite-dimensional semisimple. The group $\mathcal{C}(\mathfrak{g})$ is also trivial when the enveloping algebra $U(\mathfrak{g})$ has a faithful irreducible representation (which happens for instance for various infinite-dimensional algebras of interest, such as $\mathfrak{sl}(\infty)$, $\mathfrak{o}(\infty)$ and $\mathfrak{sp}(\infty)$). These are analogues of a result of Müger's for compact groups and a number of results by the author on locally compact groups, and provide further evidence for the pervasiveness of such center-reconstruction phenomena.