论文标题

丽莎的巨大黑洞二进制:多中音剂前景和电磁对应物

Massive black hole binaries in LISA: multimessenger prospects and electromagnetic counterparts

论文作者

Mangiagli, A., Caprini, C., Volonteri, M., Marsat, S., Vergani, S., Tamanini, N., Inchauspé, H.

论文摘要

在接下来的十年中,激光干涉仪空间天线(LISA)将在$ [10^4,10^8] \,\ rm m _ {\ odot} $的范围内检测大型黑洞二进制(MBHB)的聚合,最多可达$ z \ sim \ sim10 $。他们的引力波(GW)信号有望伴有电磁对应物(EMCP),该电磁对应物是由二进制或残余BH上积聚的气体产生的。在这项工作中,我们介绍了可通过LISA和一些代表性的EM望远镜共同检测到的EMCP的数量和特征(例如红移和质量分布,明显的大小或通量)。我们将最新的天体物理模型结合在一起,以构建星系和演变,以构建MBHBS目录,并将贝叶斯工具与GW信号估算二进制天空位置不确定性的贝叶斯工具。利用天体物理模型的其他信息,例如积聚气体和BH旋转的量,我们评估了软X射线,光学和无线电带中的预期EM发射。总体而言,根据天体物理模型,我们预测LISA和所考虑的EM设施的4年关节观察中的7至21个EMCP在4年内。我们还探讨了光学和X射线排放的氢和尘埃遮挡的影响,以及无线电发射的准则:这些效果在4年的观察结果中再次将eMCP的数量降低至2或3。大多数EMCP的特征是微弱的EM发射,挑战了未来望远镜的观察能力。最后,我们还发现,具有多模式天空位置后分布的系统仅代表少数情况,并且不会显着影响EMCP的数量。

In the next decade, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will detect the coalescence of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) in the range $[10^4, 10^8] \, \rm M_{\odot}$, up to $z\sim10$. Their gravitational wave (GW) signal is expected to be accompanied by an electromagnetic counterpart (EMcp), generated by the gas accreting on the binary or on the remnant BH. In this work, we present the number and characteristics (such as redshift and mass distribution, apparent magnitudes or fluxes) of EMcps detectable jointly by LISA and some representative EM telescopes. We combine state-of-the-art astrophysical models for the galaxies formation and evolution to build the MBHBs catalogues, with Bayesian tools to estimate the binary sky position uncertainty from the GW signal. Exploiting additional information from the astrophysical models, such as the amount of accreted gas and the BH spins, we evaluate the expected EM emission in the soft X-ray, optical and radio bands. Overall, we predict between 7 and 21 EMcps in 4 yrs of joint observations by LISA and the considered EM facilities, depending on the astrophysical model. We also explore the impact of the hydrogen and dust obscuration of the optical and X-ray emissions, as well as of the collimation of the radio emission: these effects reduce the number to EMcps to 2 or 3, depending on the astrophysical model, again in 4 yrs of observations. Most of the EMcps are characterised by faint EM emission, challenging the observational capabilities of future telescopes. Finally, we also find that systems with multi-modal sky position posterior distributions represent only a minority of cases and do not affect significantly the number of EMcps.

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