论文标题
大型复杂系统中不稳定性的网络结构起源
Network structural origin of instabilities in large complex systems
论文作者
论文摘要
大型复杂网络系统（例如电网，金融网络和生态系统）的研究中的一个核心问题是了解它们对动态扰动的反应。最近的研究认识到，许多实际网络都表现出非正态性，并且非正态性会引起反应性 - 线性稳定系统的能力来扩大其对扰动的响应，通常会令人兴奋的非线性不稳定性。在这里，我们确定了实际定向网络中非正态和反应性普遍存在的基础的网络结构属性，我们使用迄今为止在此上下文中研究的最广泛的数据集建立了该网络。确定的属性是每个节点处的传入和传出网络链接和路径之间的不平衡。基于这种特征，我们开发了一种定量预测非正态和反应性的理论，并解释了观察到的普遍性。我们建议这些结果可用于设计，升级，控制和管理网络以避免或促进网络不稳定性。
A central issue in the study of large complex network systems, such as power grids, financial networks, and ecological systems, is to understand their response to dynamical perturbations. Recent studies recognize that many real networks show nonnormality and that nonnormality can give rise to reactivity--the capacity of a linearly stable system to amplify its response to perturbations, oftentimes exciting nonlinear instabilities. Here, we identify network structural properties underlying the pervasiveness of nonnormality and reactivity in real directed networks, which we establish using the most extensive data set of such networks studied in this context to date. The identified properties are imbalances between incoming and outgoing network links and paths at each node. Based on this characterization, we develop a theory that quantitatively predicts nonnormality and reactivity and explains the observed pervasiveness. We suggest that these results can be used to design, upgrade, control, and manage networks to avoid or promote network instabilities.
