论文标题
量子过程中的对称性，不可逆性和量子相干性之间的普遍权衡结构
Universal trade-off structure between symmetry, irreversibility, and quantum coherence in quantum processes
论文作者
论文摘要
对称性，不可逆性和量子相干性是物理学中的基础概念。在这里，我们提出了这三个概念之间的普遍权衡关系。这尤其表明（1）在全球对称性下，任何改变局部保守电荷的尝试都会导致不可避免的不可逆性，以及（2）量子相干性可以缓解这种不可逆性。我们的权衡关系仅来自总体动态的一级性和全球对称性，从而允许一般适用性。对于非平衡物理学，它在任意量子过程中将相干成本与熵产生（代表热力学不可逆性）联系起来。它还提供了涉及对称限制的许多量子信息处理任务（例如GATE和测量实现和误差校正）的能力的基本限制。此外，它可以预测在能源保护下，将多少位经典信息扔给黑洞变得不可读。我们的权衡关系基于量子不确定性关系，展示了基本物理原理与量子过程的最终操作能力之间的紧密联系。
Symmetry, irreversibility, and quantum coherence are foundational concepts in physics. Here, we present a universal tradeoff relation between these three concepts. This particularly reveals that (1) under a global symmetry, any attempt to change the local conserved charge causes inevitable irreversibility, and (2) such irreversibility can be mitigated by quantum coherence. Our tradeoff relation follows solely from the unitarity and global symmetry of the total dynamics, allowing for general applicability. For non-equilibrium physics, it relates the coherence cost and the entropy production -- representing thermodynamic irreversibility -- in arbitrary quantum processes. It also provides fundamental limitations on the capability of a number of quantum information processing tasks -- such as gate and measurement implementation and error correction -- that involve symmetry restrictions. Furthermore, it predicts how many bits of classical information thrown into a black hole become unreadable under energy conservation. Our tradeoff relation is based on quantum uncertainty relation, showcasing intimate connections between fundamental physical principles and ultimate operational capability of quantum processes.
