论文标题

与大型卫星星座的碰撞概率评估的分析模型

Analytical model for collision probability assessments with large satellite constellations

论文作者

Polli, Eduardo Maria, Gonzalo, Juan Luis, Colombo, Camilla

论文摘要

本文介绍了一个分析模型,用于进行碰撞概率评估,并注射空间对象和卫星星座之间。考虑到第一个要进行连续的切向加速度,其螺旋运动将导致一系列在星座附近的近距离方法。所提出的方法涉及在遇到平面上的碰撞概率密度函数的整合,从中获得了两个分析公式,一个用于接近方法的数量,另一种用于其各自的平均碰撞概率。交叉动力学的数学描述取决于圆形轨道和独立碰撞概率的假设,但不需要传播卫星轨道。与常规传播方法进行了比较是为了验证目的,证明其准确性在椭圆形横轨道的情况下也证明了其准确性。开发的模型已用于评估与星座卫星更换的风险,一旦它们达到了编程的寿命。通过平均碰撞概率分析了全面替换12个批准星座的环境影响。特别是,可以表明,空间开发可持续性的关键特征是推进器,最佳越过轨道的选择以及星座和越过卫星之间的真实异常阶段的最大推进。还通过评估碎屑云的形成产生的碰撞风险来研究轨内碰撞的后果。结果证实了对空间交通管理标准的需求,因为卫星人口呈指数增长可能会引发碰撞的链条反应,从而使狮子座无法获得数十年。

This paper presents an analytical model for collision probability assessments between de-orbiting or injecting space objects and satellite constellations. Considering the first to be subjected to a continuous tangential acceleration, its spiraling motion would result in a series of close approaches in the proximity of a constellation. The proposed methodology involves the integration of the collision probability density function on the encounter plane, from which two analytical formulas, one for the number of close approaches and one for their respective average collision probability, are obtained. The mathematical description of the crossing dynamics relies on the assumption of circular orbits and independent collision probabilities, but does not require to propagate the satellites' orbit. A comparison with a conventional propagation method has been performed for validation purposes, proving its accuracy also in case of elliptical crossing orbits. The model developed has been used to assess the risk connected to constellation's satellites replacement, once they have reached their programmed End-of-Life. The environmental impact of the full replacement of 12 approved constellations is analysed by means of average collision probability. In particular, it is shown that the key features for space exploitation sustainability are the maximum propulsion available from the thruster, the selection of an optimal crossing orbit and the true anomaly phases between constellations' and crossing satellites. The consequences of an in-orbit collision are also investigated by assessing the collision risk generated by the formation of a debris cloud. The results corroborate the need for international standards for space traffic management as an exponentially increasing satellites population could trigger a chain reaction of collisions, making LEO inaccessible for decades.

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