论文标题
从收音机到X射线的银河系中流浪中间质量黑洞的可检测性
Detectability of Wandering Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in the Milky Way Galaxy from Radio to X-rays
论文作者
论文摘要
中间质量黑洞（IMBHS，$ 10^{3-6} \，\ rm {m_ \ odot} $）通常在矮星系中心找到，可能是在熟悉的，迄今为止未发现的，以乳白色的方式徘徊。我们使用模型光谱来进行对流为主的吸积流来计算典型的通量，在从无线电到X射线的一系列频率中，由推定的$ 10^5 \，\ rm {m_ \ odot} $ imbhs在五个现实的，数量变化的MW环境中徘徊。我们预测，可以在X射线检查中检测到$ \ sim 27 \％$ $ \％$ \ sim 37 \％$ $在与罗马太空望远镜的近红外，$ \ sim 49 \％49 \％$ cmb-s4和$ \ sim 57和$ \ sim 57和ngvla ngvla的$ \％$ $。我们发现，最亮的通量是通过通过分子云或冷中性培养基的IMBH发出的，总是可以检测到它们。我们提出的标准旨在促进多波长调查中的候选者的选择。具体而言，我们计算X射线与光学比（$α_ {\ rm ox} $），并根据IMBH的增生速率的函数，并将光学比率与亚MM之比。我们表明，以较低的速度，IMBH的亚MM发射明显高于光学，UV和X射线发射。最后，根据我们的可检测性期望和当前缺乏分子云和冷中性介质的检测，我们将这些对象的数字$ n_ \ bullet $放置在这些对象的数字$ n_ \ bullet $上。这些预测将指导MW中IMBH的未来搜索，这将有助于理解其人口统计学和进化。
Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs, $10^{3-6} \, \rm{M_\odot}$), are typically found at the center of dwarf galaxies and might be wandering, thus far undetected, in the Milky Way (MW). We use model spectra for advection-dominated accretion flows to compute the typical fluxes, in a range of frequencies spanning from radio to X-rays, emitted by a putative population of $10^5 \, \rm{M_\odot}$ IMBHs wandering in five realistic, volume-weighted, MW environments. We predict that $\sim 27\%$ of the wandering IMBHs can be detected in the X-ray with Chandra, $\sim 37\%$ in the near-infrared with the Roman Space Telescope, $\sim 49\%$ in the sub-mm with CMB-S4 and $\sim 57\%$ in the radio with ngVLA. We find that the brightest fluxes are emitted by IMBHs passing through molecular clouds or cold neutral medium, where they are always detectable. We propose criteria to facilitate the selection of candidates in multi-wavelength surveys. Specifically, we compute the X-ray to optical ratio ($α_{\rm ox}$) and the optical to sub-mm ratio, as a function of the accretion rate of the IMBH. We show that at low rates the sub-mm emission of IMBHs is significantly higher than the optical, UV and X-ray emission. Finally, we place upper limits on the number $N_\bullet$ of these objects in the MW: $N_\bullet<2000$ and $N_\bullet<100$, based on our detectability expectations and current lack of detections in molecular clouds and cold neutral medium, respectively. These predictions will guide future searches of IMBHs in the MW, which will be instrumental to understanding their demographics and evolution.
