论文标题
进化作为解释：神经法规及其效率的起源
Evolution as Explanation: The Origins of Neural Codes and their Efficiencies
论文作者
论文摘要
神经代码似乎有效。自然，神经科学家认为有效的过程负责生成有效的代码。他们认为自然选择是生成这些代码的有效过程。尽管自然选择是一个自适应过程，但进化本身并非如此。进化不仅包括自然选择，还包括可以产生生物学效率低下的中性随机力。自然选择的解释能力不可吸引，而没有其余的进化力量。在本文中，我们旨在重新调整进化力在神经编码方面的解释作用，并特别注意中性力量。我们提出了一个框架，该框架主张适应性和随机进化力的不同贡献，即不同的表型“水平”，包括神经代码的水平。我们断言，该框架对神经科学具有特殊的兴趣，因为该领域从基于效率的世界观中取得了很大进步。我们主张一种多元化的神经科学，能够吸引适应性和非自适应解释。
Neural codes appear efficient. Naturally, neuroscientists contend that an efficient process is responsible for generating efficient codes. They argue that natural selection is the efficient process that generates those codes. Although natural selection is an adaptive process, evolution itself, is not. Evolution consists of not only natural selection, but also neutral stochastic forces that can generate biological inefficiencies. The explanatory power of natural selection cannot be appealed to, without regards for the remaining evolutionary forces. In this paper, we aim to reformulate the explanatory role of evolutionary forces on neural coding, with special attention to neutral forces. We propose a framework that argues for differing contributions of adaptive and stochastic evolutionary forces, for different phenotypic `levels', including those of neural codes. We assert that this framework is of special interest to neuroscience, because the field has derived much progress from an efficiency-based worldview. We advocate for a pluralistic neuroscience capable of appealing to both adaptive and non-adaptive explanations.
