论文标题

加拿大的数字鸿沟以及Leo卫星在弥合差距中的作用

The Digital Divide in Canada and the Role of LEO Satellites in Bridging the Gap

论文作者

Ahmmed, Tuheen, Alidadi, Afsoon, Zhang, Zichao, Chaudhry, Aizaz U., Yanikomeroglu, Halim

论文摘要

克服农村和偏远地区的数字鸿沟一直是加拿大庞大的地理区域的巨大挑战。 2016年,加拿大广播电视和电信委员会宣布宽带互联网,作为所有加拿大人可用的基本服务。但是,截至2020年,大约有100万加拿大人仍然无法获得宽带服务。由于社会,经济和教育活动越来越多地在线转移,因此Covid-19-19使情况变得更具挑战性。对于土著社区而言,这种情况更不利。部署农村和远程宽带互联网的主要挑战是计划和实施高容量的骨干,现在仅在较少的城市地区可用。对于任何互联网提供商来说,几乎不可能在这些领域提出可行的业务建议。例如,西北地区,育空地区和努纳武特(Nunavut)的广阔土地各种地​​理特征为宽带基础设施带来了障碍。在本文中,我们研究了加拿大的数字鸿沟,重点是农村和偏远地区。这样一来,我们强调了使用低地球轨道(LEO)星座在农村和偏远地区提供宽带互联网的两种潜在解决方案,以解决访问不平等和数字鸿沟。第一个解决方案涉及将LEO星座集成为现有4G/5G电信网络的骨干。该解决方案使用LEO星座中的卫星提供了将4G/5G访问网络连接到其核心网络的回程网络。第三代合作伙伴项目已经指定了如何将Leo卫星网络集成到4G/5G网络中,而加拿大卫星运营商Teleasat已经将此解决方案与一个陆地运营商Tim Brasil展示在其4G网络中。

Overcoming the digital divide in rural and remote areas has always been a big challenge for Canada with its huge geographical area. In 2016, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission announced broadband Internet as a basic service available for all Canadians. However, approximately one million Canadians still do not have access to broadband services as of 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has made the situation more challenging, as social, economic, and educational activities have increasingly been transferred online. The condition is more unfavorable for Indigenous communities. A key challenge in deploying rural and remote broadband Internet is to plan and implement high-capacity backbones, which are now available only in denser urban areas. For any Internet provider, it is almost impossible to make a viable business proposal in these areas. For example, the vast land of the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavuts diverse geographical features present obstacles for broadband infrastructure. In this paper, we investigate the digital divide in Canada with a focus on rural and remote areas. In so doing, we highlight two potential solutions using low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations to deliver broadband Internet in rural and remote areas to address the access inequality and the digital divide. The first solution involves integrating LEO constellations as a backbone for the existing 4G/5G telecommunications network. This solution uses satellites in a LEO constellation to provide a backhaul network connecting the 4G/5G access network to its core network. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project already specifies how to integrate LEO satellite networks into the 4G/5G network, and the Canadian satellite operator Telesat has already showcased this solution with one terrestrial operator, TIM Brasil, in their 4G network.

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