论文标题
Cosmo-Paleontology:仅重力模拟中化石组的统计数据
Cosmo-Paleontology: Statistics of Fossil Groups in a Gravity-Only Simulation
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了一项详细研究,对“最后一段旅程”中确定的化石群体候选者,这是一个仅重力宇宙学模拟,涵盖了$(3.4 \,h^{ - 1} \ Mathrm {gpc})^3 $体积,粒子质量分辨率为$ m_p \ abt h^{ - 1} \ mathrm {m} _ \ odot $。该模拟使我们能够同时捕获大量的组尺度光环并解决其内部结构。从历史上看,化石组的特征是该组中最亮和第二最亮的星系之间的高X射线亮度和较大的亮度差距。为了确定候选化石组的候选光环,我们使用光环合并树信息引入两个参数:发光合并质量阈值($ M_ \ Mathrm {lm} $)和最后一次发光的RedShift cutoff($ z___________________ \ MATHRM {llm {llm} $)。最终参数选择通过观察数据告知,并允许我们从模拟中识别出合理的化石组样本。候选光环的特征是减少的子结构,因此不太可能在最明亮的中央星系以外占据明亮的星系。我们对该样本进行了详细的研究,包括对光环特性和聚类的分析。我们发现,与其他质量范围内的其他光晕相比,我们简单的假设会导致早期形成,浓度更高的化石组候选者,并且更加放松。
We present a detailed study of fossil group candidates identified in "Last Journey", a gravity-only cosmological simulation covering a $(3.4\, h^{-1}\mathrm{Gpc})^3$ volume with a particle mass resolution of $m_p \approx 2.7 \times 10^9\, h^{-1}\mathrm{M}_\odot$. The simulation allows us to simultaneously capture a large number of group-scale halos and to resolve their internal structure. Historically, fossil groups have been characterized by high X-ray brightness and a large luminosity gap between the brightest and second brightest galaxy in the group. In order to identify candidate halos that host fossil groups, we use halo merger tree information to introduce two parameters: a luminous merger mass threshold ($M_\mathrm{LM}$) and a last luminous merger redshift cut-off ($z_\mathrm{LLM}$). The final parameter choices are informed by observational data and allow us to identify a plausible fossil group sample from the simulation. The candidate halos are characterized by reduced substructure and are therefore less likely to host bright galaxies beyond the brightest central galaxy. We carry out detailed studies of this sample, including analysis of halo properties and clustering. We find that our simple assumptions lead to fossil group candidates that form early, have higher concentrations, and are more relaxed compared to other halos in the same mass range.