论文标题
标量介导的质子衰变的解剖学$（10）$型号
Anatomy of scalar mediated proton decays in $SO(10)$ models
论文作者
论文摘要
基于可重新分配的大统一理论的现实模型具有各种标量，其中许多能够介导Baryon（$ b $）和Lepton（$ L $）数字非支持过程。我们识别属于$ {\ bf 10} $，$ \ overline {\ bf 126} $和$ {\ bf 120} $ $ so（10）$ dimensional irreps $ so（10）$的所有此类标量字段，这些{\ bf 126} $，这些$ so（10）$ dimensional irreps $ so（10）$，这些$可能引起Baryon和Lepton数量的互动，而违反领先的订单互动，通过领先的订单$ d = 6 $ d $ d = 6 $ d = 7 $ d = 7 $ d = 7 $ d = 7 $ d = 7 $ d = 7 $ d = 7 $ d = 7 $ d = 7 $ d = 7。明确计算其与标准模型费米子的耦合，我们得出了有效的操作员，包括可能在给定表示形式的标量之间混合的可能性。我们发现，$ d = 6 $的这种交互仅由三组标量介导：$ t（3,1，-1/3）$，$ {\ cal t}（3,1，-4/3）$和$ \ mathbb {t}（3,3，-1/3）$及其同意。在具有$ {\ bf 10} $和$ \ Overline {\ bf 126} $的型号中，只有第一个具有适当的耦合来介导质子衰减。虽然$ {\ cal t} $和$ \ mathbb {t} $可能会在存在$ {\ bf 120} $的情况下诱导违反交互作用，但$ {\ cal t} $不会导致质子衰减，因为它的风味抗体抗体式抗体耦合。另外三个颜色的三重态及其偶联可以通过$ d = 7 $运算符介导核子衰减，这也违反了$ b-l $。我们根据基本的Yukawa耦合给出了质子部分宽度的一般表达，并使用这些结果明确计算基于$ {\ bf 10} $ {\ bf 10} $和$ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\·bf 126 $的最小非苏皮米对称$ so（10）$模型的最小非苏皮米对称$ SO（10）$模型的质子寿命和分支比。我们发现，质子最好腐烂到$ \overlineν\，k^+$或$μ^+\，k^0 $，并列出标量介导的质子衰变的几个不同特征。如果后者在量规介导的贡献上占主导地位，则质子衰变光谱为基础大统一理论的风味结构提供了直接的探测。
Realistic models based on the renormalizable grand unified theories have varieties of scalars, many of which are capable of mediating baryon ($B$) and lepton ($L$) number non-conserving processes. We identify all such scalar fields residing in ${\bf 10}$, $\overline{\bf 126}$ and ${\bf 120}$ dimensional irreps of $SO(10)$ which can induce baryon and lepton number violating interactions through the leading order $d=6$ and $d=7$ operators. Explicitly computing their couplings with the standard model fermions, we derive the effective operators including the possibility of mixing between the scalars stemming from a given representation. We find that such interactions at $d=6$ are mediated by only three sets of scalars: $T(3,1,-1/3)$, ${\cal T} (3,1,-4/3)$ and $\mathbb{T}(3,3,-1/3)$ and their conjugates. In the models with ${\bf 10}$ and $\overline{\bf 126}$, only the first has appropriate couplings to mediate the proton decay. While ${\cal T}$ and $\mathbb{T}$ can induce baryon number violating interactions when ${\bf 120}$ is present, ${\cal T}$ does not contribute to the proton decay at tree level because of its flavour antisymmetric coupling. Three additional colour triplets and their conjugates can mediate nucleon decay via $d=7$ operators which violate also the $B-L$. We give general expressions for partial widths of proton in terms of the fundamental Yukawa couplings and use these results to explicitly compute the proton lifetime and branching ratios for the minimal non-supersymmetric $SO(10)$ model based on ${\bf 10}$ and $\overline{\bf 126}$ Higgs. We find that the proton preferably decays into $\overlineν\, K^+$ or $μ^+\, K^0$ and list several distinct features of scalar mediated proton decay. If the latter dominates over the gauge mediated contributions, the proton decay spectrum provides a direct probe to the flavour structure of the underlying grand unified theory.
