论文标题
Breakwire：无线破坏CCS电动汽车充电
Brokenwire : Wireless Disruption of CCS Electric Vehicle Charging
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了针对联合充电系统的新型攻击，这是电动汽车（EVS）最广泛使用的直流电荷技术之一。我们的攻击，断裂，中断了车辆和充电器之间必要的控制沟通，导致会议中止。攻击只需要暂时的物理接近，并且可以从远处无线进行，从而使单个车辆或整个舰队同时被偷工而破坏。此外，它可以使用现成的无线电硬件和最少的技术知识安装。通过利用CSMA/CA行为，只需要将非常弱的信号引起到受害者中以破坏沟通 - 超过了三个数量级的宽带噪声堵塞的有效性。被剥削的行为是Homeplug Green PHY，DIN 70121＆ISO 15118标准的必需部分，所有已知的实现都展现出来。我们首先在受控测试台上研究攻击，然后在实际部署中对八辆车和20个充电器进行证明。我们发现攻击在现实世界中取得了成功，范围为47 m，电力预算不到1W。我们进一步表明，通过建筑物的地板（例如，多层停车位），通过外围围栏以及“开车”攻击之间的攻击可以工作。我们提出了一个启发式模型，以估计可以同时攻击给定输出功率的车辆数量。 Breachwire立即对全球道路上约1200万电池电动汽车中的相当一部分产生影响 - 对私人企业和关键的公共服务以及电动公共汽车，卡车，卡车和小型船的新电气化浪潮产生了深远的影响。因此，我们向行业进行了披露，并讨论了一系列可以部署的缓解技术以限制影响。
We present a novel attack against the Combined Charging System, one of the most widely used DC rapid charging technologies for electric vehicles (EVs). Our attack, Brokenwire, interrupts necessary control communication between the vehicle and charger, causing charging sessions to abort. The attack requires only temporary physical proximity and can be conducted wirelessly from a distance, allowing individual vehicles or entire fleets to be disrupted stealthily and simultaneously. In addition, it can be mounted with off-the-shelf radio hardware and minimal technical knowledge. By exploiting CSMA/CA behavior, only a very weak signal needs to be induced into the victim to disrupt communication - exceeding the effectiveness of broadband noise jamming by three orders of magnitude. The exploited behavior is a required part of the HomePlug Green PHY, DIN 70121 & ISO 15118 standards and all known implementations exhibit it. We first study the attack in a controlled testbed and then demonstrate it against eight vehicles and 20 chargers in real deployments. We find the attack to be successful in the real world, at ranges up to 47 m, for a power budget of less than 1 W. We further show that the attack can work between the floors of a building (e.g., multi-story parking), through perimeter fences, and from `drive-by' attacks. We present a heuristic model to estimate the number of vehicles that can be attacked simultaneously for a given output power. Brokenwire has immediate implications for a substantial proportion of the around 12 million battery EVs on the roads worldwide - and profound effects on the new wave of electrification for vehicle fleets, both for private enterprise and crucial public services, as well as electric buses, trucks and small ships. As such, we conducted a disclosure to the industry and discussed a range of mitigation techniques that could be deployed to limit the impact.
