论文标题

Fairegm:通过模拟图修改的公平链接预测和建议

FairEGM: Fair Link Prediction and Recommendation via Emulated Graph Modification

论文作者

Current, Sean, He, Yuntian, Gurukar, Saket, Parthasarathy, Srinivasan

论文摘要

随着机器学习变得更加广泛地在跨领域中采用,研究人员和ML工程师必须考虑模型可能存在的数据中固有的偏见。最近,许多研究表明,如果输入图具有偏差,则可能会吸收图形神经网络(GNN)模型,这可能是由于服务不足和代表性不足的社区的不利影响。在这项工作中,我们旨在通过共同优化两个不同的损失函数来减轻GNN所学到的偏见:一个用于链接预测的任务,一个用于人口统计学奇偶校验的任务。我们进一步实施了三种受图形修改方法启发的不同技术:全球公平优化(GFO),约束公平优化(CFO)和公平的边缘加权(少数)模型。这些技术模仿了GNN内改变基础图结构的影响,并在更集成的神经网络方法上提供了更大程度的解释性。我们提出的模型在训练GNN和学习链接建议下既准确又公平的node嵌入时将显微镜或宏观编辑效仿到输入图。我们证明了我们的方法对四个现实世界数据集的有效性,并表明我们可以通过几个因素以微不足道的成本来提高建议公平性,以链接预测准确性。

As machine learning becomes more widely adopted across domains, it is critical that researchers and ML engineers think about the inherent biases in the data that may be perpetuated by the model. Recently, many studies have shown that such biases are also imbibed in Graph Neural Network (GNN) models if the input graph is biased, potentially to the disadvantage of underserved and underrepresented communities. In this work, we aim to mitigate the bias learned by GNNs by jointly optimizing two different loss functions: one for the task of link prediction and one for the task of demographic parity. We further implement three different techniques inspired by graph modification approaches: the Global Fairness Optimization (GFO), Constrained Fairness Optimization (CFO), and Fair Edge Weighting (FEW) models. These techniques mimic the effects of changing underlying graph structures within the GNN and offer a greater degree of interpretability over more integrated neural network methods. Our proposed models emulate microscopic or macroscopic edits to the input graph while training GNNs and learn node embeddings that are both accurate and fair under the context of link recommendations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on four real world datasets and show that we can improve the recommendation fairness by several factors at negligible cost to link prediction accuracy.

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