论文标题
使用对抗性学习优化从MRI扫描中对MGMT启动子甲基化的预测
Optimizing Prediction of MGMT Promoter Methylation from MRI Scans using Adversarial Learning
论文作者
论文摘要
胶质母细胞瘤多形(GBM)是一种恶性脑癌,形成了约48%的AL脑和中枢神经系统(CNS)癌症。据估计,由于GBM,每年在美国每年发生13,000人死亡,这使得具有可以导致可预测和有效治疗的早期诊断系统至关重要。 GBM诊断后最常见的治疗方法是化学疗法,它通过将细胞快速分裂为凋亡而起作用。但是,当MGMT启动子序列被甲基化时,这种治疗形式无效,而是导致严重的副作用降低患者的生存能力。因此,重要的是能够通过基于非侵入性磁共振成像(MRI)的机器学习(ML)模型来鉴定MGMT启动子甲基化状态。这是使用脑肿瘤分割(BRATS)2021数据集完成的,该数据集最近用于国际Kaggle竞争。我们开发了四个主要模型 - 两个放射线模型和两个CNN模型 - 每个模型都通过逐步改进解决了二进制分类任务。我们构建了一种称为中间状态发生器的新型ML模型,用于使所有MRI扫描的切片厚度归一化。通过进一步的改进,我们的最佳模型能够比最佳性能Kaggle模型更好地实现性能($ P <0.05 $),平均交叉验证精度提高了6%。这种改善可能会导致更明智的化学疗法选择作为治疗选择,从而延长数千名GBM患者的寿命。
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a malignant brain cancer forming around 48% of al brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) cancers. It is estimated that annually over 13,000 deaths occur in the US due to GBM, making it crucial to have early diagnosis systems that can lead to predictable and effective treatment. The most common treatment after GBM diagnosis is chemotherapy, which works by sending rapidly dividing cells to apoptosis. However, this form of treatment is not effective when the MGMT promoter sequence is methylated, and instead leads to severe side effects decreasing patient survivability. Therefore, it is important to be able to identify the MGMT promoter methylation status through non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based machine learning (ML) models. This is accomplished using the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) 2021 dataset, which was recently used for an international Kaggle competition. We developed four primary models - two radiomic models and two CNN models - each solving the binary classification task with progressive improvements. We built a novel ML model termed as the Intermediate State Generator which was used to normalize the slice thicknesses of all MRI scans. With further improvements, our best model was able to achieve performance significantly ($p < 0.05$) better than the best performing Kaggle model with a 6% increase in average cross-validation accuracy. This improvement could potentially lead to a more informed choice of chemotherapy as a treatment option, prolonging lives of thousands of patients with GBM each year.