论文标题
从多受试者FMRI数据中学习共享神经歧管
Learning shared neural manifolds from multi-subject FMRI data
论文作者
论文摘要
功能磁共振成像(fMRI)是对脑活动的嘈杂测量,因为个体之间的差异很大,收集过程中环境差异损坏的信号以及测量分辨率所需的时空平均。此外,数据具有极高的维度,活动空间通常具有较低的内在维度。为了了解感兴趣的刺激与大脑活动的刺激之间的联系,并分析受试者之间的差异和共同点,学习有意义的嵌入数据并揭示其内在结构很重要。具体而言,我们假设噪声在个体之间差异很大,但对刺激的真实反应将共享共同发现的受试者之间共同的,低维的特征。以前已经利用了类似的方法,但它们主要使用了线性方法,例如PCA和共享响应建模(SRM)。相比之下,我们提出了一个称为MRMD-AE(歧管的多重解码器AutoCoder)的神经网络,该神经网络在实验中学习了从多个受试者中的常见嵌入,同时保留了将单个原始fMRI信号解码的能力。我们表明,我们学到的公共空间代表了可扩展的歧管(可以映射训练过程中未看到的新点),提高了看不见的时间点的刺激特征的分类准确性,并改善了fMRI信号的交叉主题翻译。我们认为,该框架可用于许多下游应用程序,例如未来引导的脑部计算机界面(BCI)培训。
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a notoriously noisy measurement of brain activity because of the large variations between individuals, signals marred by environmental differences during collection, and spatiotemporal averaging required by the measurement resolution. In addition, the data is extremely high dimensional, with the space of the activity typically having much lower intrinsic dimension. In order to understand the connection between stimuli of interest and brain activity, and analyze differences and commonalities between subjects, it becomes important to learn a meaningful embedding of the data that denoises, and reveals its intrinsic structure. Specifically, we assume that while noise varies significantly between individuals, true responses to stimuli will share common, low-dimensional features between subjects which are jointly discoverable. Similar approaches have been exploited previously but they have mainly used linear methods such as PCA and shared response modeling (SRM). In contrast, we propose a neural network called MRMD-AE (manifold-regularized multiple decoder, autoencoder), that learns a common embedding from multiple subjects in an experiment while retaining the ability to decode to individual raw fMRI signals. We show that our learned common space represents an extensible manifold (where new points not seen during training can be mapped), improves the classification accuracy of stimulus features of unseen timepoints, as well as improves cross-subject translation of fMRI signals. We believe this framework can be used for many downstream applications such as guided brain-computer interface (BCI) training in the future.