论文标题

海王星的偏心早期迁移

Eccentric Early Migration of Neptune

论文作者

Nesvorny, David

论文摘要

Kuiper带的动力结构可以用作太阳系,行星系统和海王星早期轨道历史的形成和演变的线索。最好通过向前建模来解决该问题,其中测试了不同的初始条件和海王星的轨道演变,并将模型预测与已知Kuiper Belt对象(KBOS)的轨道进行比较。先前已经确定,海王星径向迁移,通过重力与行星外盘相互作用,从原始的径向距离r <25 au到30 au的电流轨道。在这里,我们表明,Neptune E_N <0.05的轨道偏心率非常低的迁移模型不会解释具有半轴轴50 <a <60 au的KBO,圆锥体的距离q> 35 au和倾斜度i <10 ver。如果始终e_n <0.05,则Kozai循环控制植入过程和Q> 35 au的轨道最终具有,由于角动量的Z分量保护,i> 10度。当Neptune的偏心率激发到E_N〜0.1并随后通过动态摩擦而抑制时,可以获得更好的结果。当该模型通过世俗循环(主要是Apsidal resonance nu_8)从各种平均运动谐振附近,将KBO从分散的磁盘上抬起KBO时,在该模型中产生了50-60 au的低E和低I轨道。这些结果为(轻度)动力不稳定提供了支持,大概是在海王星早期迁移期间激发了巨型行星的轨道。

The dynamical structure of the Kuiper belt can be used as a clue to the formation and evolution of the Solar System, planetary systems in general, and Neptune's early orbital history in particular. The problem is best addressed by forward modeling where different initial conditions and Neptune's orbital evolutions are tested, and the model predictions are compared to orbits of known Kuiper belt objects (KBOs). It has previously been established that Neptune radially migrated, by gravitationally interacting with an outer disk of planetesimals, from the original radial distance r < 25 au to its current orbit at 30 au. Here we show that the migration models with a very low orbital eccentricity of Neptune e_N < 0.05 do not explain KBOs with semimajor axes 50 < a < 60 au, perihelion distances q > 35 au and inclinations i < 10 deg. If e_N < 0.05 at all times, the Kozai cycles control the implantation process and the orbits with q > 35 au end up having, due to the angular momentum's z-component conservation, i > 10 deg. Better results are obtained when Neptune's eccentricity is excited to e_N ~ 0.1 and subsequently damped by dynamical friction. The low-e & low-i orbits at 50-60 au are produced in this model when KBOs are lifted from the scattered disk by secular cycles -- mainly the apsidal resonance nu_8 -- near various mean motion resonances. These results give support to a (mild) dynamical instability that presumably excited the orbits of giant planets during Neptune's early migration.

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