论文标题
伯努利的混乱：关于学生在流体动力学方面的误解的研究
Bernoulli's muddle: a research on students' misconceptions in fluid dynamics
论文作者
论文摘要
伯努利方程将理想流体运动的压力与在某些条件下的速度和高度相关联，是科学和工程专业学生的一般物理课程中的一个核心主题。这个方程式经常使用，就像科学外展活动或博物馆一样，经常被推断出来，以解释其不再有效的情况。一个普遍的例子是假设在任何情况下，较高的速度意味着较低的压力，这是只有在某些条件下才能接受的结论。在本文中，我们报告了与大学生有关流体动力学中一些误解的调查结果。我们发现，在完成通用物理课程后，许多学生没有开发出有关流体元素与环境相互作用的正确模型，并推断了较高速度意味着在不再有效的情况下较低压力的想法。我们还表明，基于牛顿定律的流体动力学方法更自然地解决了这些误解。
Bernoulli's equation, which relates the pressure of an ideal fluid in motion with its velocity and height under certain conditions, is a central topic in General Physics courses for Science and Engineering students. This equation, frequently used both textbooks as in science outreach activities or museums, is often extrapolated to explain situations in which it is no longer valid. A common example is to assume that, in any situation, higher speed means lower pressure, a conclusion that is only acceptable under certain conditions. In this paper we report the results of an investigation with university students on some misconceptions present in fluid dynamics. We found that after completing the General Physics courses, many students have not developed a correct model about the interaction of a fluid element with its environment and extrapolate the idea that higher speed implies lower pressure in situations where it is no longer valid. We also show that an approach to fluid dynamics based on Newton's laws is more natural to address these misconceptions.
