论文标题

将$ z^2_n $和$ h $统计信息扩展到通用脉冲配置文件

Extending the $Z^2_n$ and $H$ statistics to generic pulsed profiles

论文作者

Bachetti, Matteo, Pilia, Maura, Huppenkothen, Daniela, Ransom, Scott M., Curatti, Stefano, Ridolfi, Alessandro

论文摘要

在无线电频段中,搜索嘈杂数据中的天文脉冲信号通常是通过初始傅立叶分析来进行的,以找到“候选”频率,然后使用接近候选者的试验频率通过时间序列的折叠进行完善。为了确定在这些试验频率上发现的脉冲曲线的重要性,通过卡方检验对脉冲曲线进行评估,以确定它们与信号与噪声测量平面分布一致的无效假设背道而驰。在高能天文学中,卡方统计量已被$ z^2_n $统计量和H检验广泛取代,因为它们对诸如脉冲曲线的谐波内容之类的额外信息更敏感。 $ z^2_n $统计量和H检验最初是为了与“事件数据”一起开发的,由单个光子的到达时间组成,尚不清楚如何在射电天文学中使用这些方法。在本文中,我们介绍了$ z^2_n $统计量的版本和H-Test,用于具有高斯不确定性的脉冲配置文件,适用于无线电甚至光脉冲配置文件。我们展示了这些统计指标如何相对于通常的卡方方法提供对低显着性脉冲星候选者的更好敏感性,以及一种直接区分脉冲轮廓形状的直接方法。此外,它们为射频干扰(RFI)排斥提供了附加的工具。

The search for astronomical pulsed signals within noisy data, in the radio band, is usually performed through an initial Fourier analysis to find "candidate" frequencies and then refined through the folding of the time series using trial frequencies close to the candidate. In order to establish the significance of the pulsed profiles found at these trial frequencies, pulsed profiles are evaluated with a chi-squared test, to establish how much they depart from a null hypothesis where the signal is consistent with a flat distribution of noisy measurements. In high-energy astronomy, the chi-squared statistic has widely been replaced by the $Z^2_n$ statistic and the H-test as they are more sensitive to extra information such as the harmonic content of the pulsed profile. The $Z^2_n$ statistic and H-test were originally developed for the use with "event data", composed of arrival times of single photons, leaving it unclear how these methods could be used in radio astronomy. In this paper, we present a version of the $Z^2_n$ statistic and H-test for pulse profiles with Gaussian uncertainties, appropriate for radio or even optical pulse profiles. We show how these statistical indicators provide better sensitivity to low-significance pulsar candidates with respect to the usual chi-squared method, and a straightforward way to discriminate between pulse profile shapes. Moreover, they provide an additional tool for Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) rejection.

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