论文标题
商标文件和专利申请计数时间序列在结构上是几乎相同且协调的：对创新研究的影响
Trademark filings and patent application count time series are structurally near-identical and cointegrated: Implications for studies in innovation
论文作者
论文摘要
通过时间序列分析，本文凭经验探索，确认并扩展了规范性智力 - 智能（IP）面向科学技术（S＆T）公司的商标/专利之间的关系。 Beyond simple correlation, it is shown that trademark-filing (Trademarks) and patent-application counts (Patents) have similar (if not, identical) structural attributes (including similar distribution characteristics and seasonal variation, cross-wavelet synchronicity/coherency (short-term cross-periodicity) and structural breaks) and are cointegrated (integration order of 1) over a period of approximately 40 years (given the monthly观察）。协整的存在强烈表明两个指数之间的“长期”平衡。也就是说，存在（s）限制两个指数彼此分歧的外源力。指数的计时动力学中的结构断点支持了可能相似的外依性力的存在，因为断裂日期是同时/近距离的（商标：1987，1993，1999，2005，2005，2005，2005，2011; Pate; Pate; Pate; 1988，1994，2994，2000，2000＆2011 and and and oferm of thermake and oftermarts;对潜在的触发因素（影响两个时间序列）的讨论引起了这些断裂，并在这些代理措施的背景下的平衡概念。协整顺序和结构共同体类似于其他宏观经济变量，刺激了使用计量经济学方法进一步分析这些数据的机会。作为推论，这项工作进一步支持将商标分析纳入创新研究。最后，将数据和相应的分析工具（R程序）作为补充材料提出，以提供可重复性和便利性，以为有兴趣的读者开展未来的工作。
Through time series analysis, this paper empirically explores, confirms and extends the trademark/patent inter-relationship as proposed in the normative intellectual-property (IP)-oriented Innovation Agenda view of the science and technology (S&T) firm. Beyond simple correlation, it is shown that trademark-filing (Trademarks) and patent-application counts (Patents) have similar (if not, identical) structural attributes (including similar distribution characteristics and seasonal variation, cross-wavelet synchronicity/coherency (short-term cross-periodicity) and structural breaks) and are cointegrated (integration order of 1) over a period of approximately 40 years (given the monthly observations). The existence of cointegration strongly suggests a "long-run" equilibrium between the two indices; that is, there is (are) exogenous force(s) restraining the two indices from diverging from one another. Structural breakpoints in the chrono-dynamics of the indices supports the existence of potentially similar exogeneous forces(s), as the break dates are simultaneous/near-simultaneous (Trademarks: 1987, 1993, 1999, 2005, 2011; Patents: 1988, 1994, 2000, and 2011). A discussion of potential triggers (affecting both time series) causing these breaks, and the concept of equilibrium in the context of these proxy measures are presented. The cointegration order and structural co-movements resemble other macro-economic variables, stoking the opportunity of using econometrics approaches to further analyze these data. As a corollary, this work further supports the inclusion of trademark analysis in innovation studies. Lastly, the data and corresponding analysis tools (R program) are presented as Supplementary Materials for reproducibility and convenience to conduct future work for interested readers.
