论文标题

关于迭代图标准化和最大重量无关集

Concerning Iterative Graph Normalization and Maximum Weight Independent Sets

论文作者

Guigues, Laurent

论文摘要

我们在加权图上考虑了一个非常简单的动力学系统,我们称之为迭代图归一化(IGN),并且在每个归一化后,将非线性激活函数应用于权重。我们表明,图的最大独立集的指示向量是IGN的唯一二进制固定点,它们在激活函数的简单条件下具有吸引力,我们表征了它们的吸引力盆地。我们列举了许多其他固定点,我们证明了某些类别的排斥性。基于广泛的实验和不同的理论参数,我们猜测IGN始终收敛并收敛到二进制解决方案以进行非线性激活。如果我们的猜想是正确的,那么IGN将是最大重量独立集问题(MWIS)的可区分近似算法,这是一个中央NP-HARD优化问题,具有许多应用。 IGN与Kako等人的MWIS的贪婪近似算法密切相关。具有验证的近似值。实验结果表明,IGN提供了非常相似的质量解决方案。在分配问题的上下文中,IGN对应于迭代矩阵归一化方案,该方案与Sinkhorn-knopp算法密切相关,只是它将其投影到置换矩阵而不是双重随机矩阵。我们将我们的方案与软装算法联系起来,并提供比较结果。由于图形归一化是可区分的,因此可以将其迭代嵌入机器学习框架中,并用于端端到结束任何模型,该模型包括图形优化步骤,该步骤可以作为最大重量独立设置问题。这包括图形和超图匹配,序列对齐,聚类,排名等问题,以及在多个域中的应用程序。

We consider a very simple dynamical system on weighted graphs which we call Iterative Graph Normalization (IGN) and a variant in which we apply a non-linear activation function to the weights after each normalization. We show that the indicator vectors of the Maximal Independent Sets of the graph are the only binary fixed points of IGN, that they are attractive under simple conditions on the activation function and we characterize their basins of attraction. We enumerate a number of other fixed points and we prove repulsivity for some classes. Based on extensive experiments and different theoretical arguments we conjecture that IGN always converges and converges to a binary solution for non-linear activations. If our conjectures are correct, IGN would thus be a differentiable approximation algorithm for the Maximum Weight Independent Set problem (MWIS), a central NP-hard optimization problem with numerous applications. IGN is closely related to a greedy approximation algorithm of MWIS by Kako et al. which has a proven approximation ratio. Experimental results show that IGN provides solutions of very similar quality. In the context of the Assignment Problem, IGN corresponds to an iterative matrix normalization scheme which is closely related to the Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm except that it projects to a permutation matrix instead of a doubly stochastic matrix. We relate our scheme to the Softassign algorithm and provide comparative results. As Graph Normalization is differentiable, its iterations can be embedded into a machine learning framework and used to train end-to-end any model which includes a graphical optimization step which can be cast as a maximum weight independent set problem. This includes problems such as graph and hypergraph matching, sequence alignment, clustering, ranking, etc. with applications in multiple domains.

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