论文标题

通过利用大区域外同步来同步Lora通信

Synchronous LoRa Communication by Exploiting Large-Area Out-of-Band Synchronization

论文作者

Beltramelli, Luca, Mahmood, Aamir, Ferrari, Paolo, Österberg, Patrik, Gidlund, Mikael, Sisinni, Emiliano

论文摘要

许多新的窄带低功率宽面积网络(LPWANS)(例如Lorawan,Sigfox)选择使用纯Aloha样访问权限来减少控制的开销和异步传播。尽管异步访问降低了物联网设备的能源消耗,但网络性能遭受着密集部署的网络内部干扰。相反,同步访问可以改善吞吐量和公平性,但需要时间同步。不幸的是,在窄带LPWANS浪费频道时间和传输机会上保持同步。在本文中,我们提出使用频带外的时间隔离来相对同步洛拉设备,从而促进资源有效的上行链路通信。为此,我们概念化和分析共同设计的同步和随机访问机制,该机制可以有效利用提供有限时间准确性的技术,例如FM无线电数据系统(FM-RDS)。在考虑洛拉特异性参数的同时,我们得出了提出的机制的吞吐量,将其与使用波段同步的通用同步随机访问进行比较,并在时间不确定性下设计通信参数。我们通过引入时钟错误模型来审查设备的传输时间不确定性,该模型说明同步源,本地时钟,传播延迟和收发器的传输时间不确定性中的错误。我们通过硬件测量表征FM-RD的时间不确定性,并执行模拟以评估所提出的解决方案。从成功概率,吞吐量和单一场景的公平性方面提出的结果表明,FM-RDS尽管其绝对同步较差,但可以有效地利用其与更准确的时间降低技术相似的性能实现开槽的Lora通信。

Many new narrowband low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) (e.g., LoRaWAN, Sigfox) have opted to use pure ALOHA-like access for its reduced control overhead and asynchronous transmissions. Although asynchronous access reduces the energy consumption of IoT devices, the network performance suffers from high intra-network interference in dense deployments. Contrarily, synchronous access can improve throughput and fairness, but it requires time synchronization. Unfortunately, maintaining synchronization over the narrowband LPWANs wastes channel time and transmission opportunities. In this paper, we propose the use of out-of-band time-dissemination to relatively synchronize LoRa devices and thereby facilitate resource-efficient slotted uplink communication. To this end, we conceptualize and analyze a co-designed synchronization and random access mechanism that can effectively exploit technologies providing limited time accuracy, such as FM radio data system (FM-RDS). While considering the LoRa-specific parameters, we derive the throughput of the proposed mechanism, compare it to a generic synchronous random access using in-band synchronization, and design the communication parameters under time uncertainty. We scrutinize the transmission time uncertainty of a device by introducing a clock error model that accounts for the errors in the synchronization source, local clock, propagation delay, and transceiver's transmission time uncertainty. We characterize the time uncertainty of FM-RDS with hardware measurements and perform simulations to evaluate the proposed solution. The results, presented in terms of success probability, throughput, and fairness for a single-cell scenario, suggest that FM-RDS, despite its poor absolute synchronization, can be used effectively to realize slotted LoRa communication with performance similar to that of more accurate time-dissemination technologies.

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