论文标题
使用点和可爆炸的虚拟机在云中安排任务袋
Scheduling Bag-of-Tasks in Clouds using Spot and Burstable Virtual Machines
论文作者
论文摘要
领先的云提供商在各种合同模型中提供几种类型的虚拟机（VM），在可用性和可靠性方面具有不同的保证。其中，最受欢迎的合同模型是按需和现货模型。在前者中，按需VM分配了每个时间单元的固定成本，并在整个执行过程中确保其可用性。另一方面，与按需VM相比，在现货市场上，VM提供了巨大的折扣，但是它们的可用性根据云目前的需求而波动，该需求可以随时终止或冬眠。此外，为了应对工作负载的变化，云提供商还引入了可爆破VM的概念，这些概念能够在有限的一段时间内突破各自的基线CPU性能，而与同等的非胸腺非强大的ONEPENEPENEPENEPENEPENEDEMAND VM相比，折扣高达20％。在当前的工作中，我们介绍了Burst Hibernation-Aware Dynamic Scheduler（Burst-Hads），该框架通过利用截止日期和可按需爆发的VM来安排和执行具有截止日期约束的任务，旨在使货币成本和执行时间最小化。基于ILS Metaheuristics，Burst-Hads定义了任务的初始调度映射到VMS，然后可以通过迁移冬眠点VM的任务或在VMS闲置时执行工作窃取的任务来动态更改。在Amazon EC2云上具有不同应用程序的性能结果表明，与仅使用常规按需实例的解决方案相比，Burst-Hads降低了执行的货币成本，即使在具有高点冬眠率的情况下，也可以满足应用程序截止日期。与仅使用斑点和非燃烧的按需实例相比，它还减少了总执行时间。
Leading Cloud providers offer several types of Virtual Machines (VMs) in diverse contract models, with different guarantees in terms of availability and reliability. Among them, the most popular contract models are the on-demand and the spot models. In the former, on-demand VMs are allocated for a fixed cost per time unit, and their availability is ensured during the whole execution. On the other hand, in the spot market, VMs are offered with a huge discount when compared to the on-demand VMs, but their availability fluctuates according to the cloud's current demand that can terminate or hibernate a spot VM at any time. Furthermore, in order to cope with workload variations, cloud providers have also introduced the concept of burstable VMs which are able to burst up their respective baseline CPU performance during a limited period of time with an up to 20% discount when compared to an equivalent non-burstable on-demand VMs. In the current work, we present the Burst Hibernation-Aware Dynamic Scheduler (Burst-HADS), a framework that schedules and executes tasks of Bag-of-Tasks applications with deadline constraints by exploiting spot and on-demand burstable VMs, aiming at minimizing both the monetary cost and the execution time. Based on ILS metaheuristics, Burst-HADS defines an initial scheduling map of tasks to VMs which can then be dynamically altered by migrating tasks of a hibernated spot VM or by performing work-stealing when VMs become idle. Performance results on Amazon EC2 cloud with different applications show that, when compared to a solution that uses only regular on-demand instances, Burst-HADS reduces the monetary cost of the execution and meet the application deadline even in scenarios with high spot hibernation rates. It also reduces the total execution time when compared to a solution that uses only spot and non-burstable on-demand instances.
