论文标题

在嘈杂条件下的动态系统估计和限制

Estimation of Dynamical Systems in Noisy Conditions and with Constraints

论文作者

Nagpal, Krishan Mohan

论文摘要

当动态系统的测量值嘈杂时,具有对测量噪声和异常值敏感性低的估计算法是有用的。在本文中描述的第一组结果中,我们获得了具有$ε$不敏感损失功能的线性动力学系统的最佳估计器。 $ε$不敏感的损耗函数通常用于支持向量机器,当测量值有偏见并且非常嘈杂时,它提供了更大的鲁棒性,因为算法可以容忍预测中的小错误,从而使估计值对测量噪声的敏感性较低。除$ε$不敏感的二次损失函数外,估计算法还针对$ε$不敏感的Huber M损失函数得出,该功能在存在两个小声音和离群物的情况下提供了稳健性。在存在基于HUBER COST函数的估计器的情况下,在存在异常值的情况下,鲁棒性函数从二次函数转换为线性的误差以超出一定阈值的可能性。 本文中的第二组结果描述了用于估计的算法,除了对系统动力学的一般描述外,还具有有关状态和外源信号的其他信息,例如某些状态的已知范围或有关噪音/干扰的最大幅度的先前信息。尽管所提出的方法与Kalman-Bucy或$ \ Mathcal {H} _2 $平滑算法相似,但算法在测量中并不是线性的,但可以通过线性约束和线性约束来求解标准的四级优化问题来获得最佳估计。在所有情况下,提出了算法不仅用于过滤和平滑,还用于预测未来状态。

When measurements from dynamical systems are noisy, it is useful to have estimation algorithms that have low sensitivity to measurement noises and outliers. In the first set of results described in this paper we obtain optimal estimators for linear dynamical systems with $ε$ insensitive loss functions. The $ε$ insensitive loss function, which is often used in Support Vector Machines, provides greater robustness when the measurements are biased and very noisy as the algorithm tolerates small errors in prediction which in turn makes the estimates less sensitive to measurement noises. Apart from $ε$ insensitive quadratic loss function, estimation algorithms are also derived for $ε$ insensitive Huber M loss function which provides robustness in presence of both small noises as well as outliers. Robustness in presence of outliers is achieved with Huber cost function based estimator as the error penalty function switches from quadratic to linear for errors beyond certain threshold. The second set of results in the paper describe algorithms for estimation when apart from general description of dynamics of the system, one also has additional information about states and exogenous signals such as known range of some states or prior information about the maximum magnitude of noises/disturbances. While the proposed approaches have similarities to Kalman-Bucy or $\mathcal{H}_2$ smoothing algorithm, the algorithms are not linear in measurements but are easily implemented as optimal estimates are obtained by solving a standard quadratic optimization problem with linear constraints. For all cases, algorithms are proposed not only for filtering and smoothing but also for prediction of future states.

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