论文标题
具有高维滋扰规格的分层模型的参数bootstrap推断
Parametric bootstrap inference for stratified models with high-dimensional nuisance specifications
论文作者
论文摘要
有关感兴趣的标量参数的推论通常依赖于共同似然枢轴的渐近正态性,例如签名的似然根,得分和WALD统计。然而,当滋扰参数的尺寸相对于样本量和有关参数的信息有限时,所得的推论过程的性能很差。在许多这样的情况下,已知逐渐恢复了推论性能的分析方法的渐近正态性。在这里证明,标准似然枢轴的参数引导可以在具有特定于层的特定滋扰参数的分层模型中,导致准确的推断与签名似然根的分析修改一样准确。我们专注于挑战性的情况,即地层的数量比地层样本大小的速度迅速或更快。还表明,无论是使用约束还是不受约束的引导程序,这种等效性都保持不变。这与固定地层的数量相比,比地层样本量较慢,在这种情况下,我们表明的限制性引导程序将推断纠正到更高的阶段,而不是不受约束的引导程序。模拟实验支持理论发现,并在极端情况下证明了引导的出色表现。
Inference about a scalar parameter of interest typically relies on the asymptotic normality of common likelihood pivots, such as the signed likelihood root, the score and Wald statistics. Nevertheless, the resulting inferential procedures are known to perform poorly when the dimension of the nuisance parameter is large relative to the sample size and when the information about the parameters is limited. In many such cases, the use of asymptotic normality of analytical modifications of the signed likelihood root is known to recover inferential performance. It is proved here that parametric bootstrap of standard likelihood pivots results in as accurate inferences as analytical modifications of the signed likelihood root do in stratified models with stratum specific nuisance parameters. We focus on the challenging case where the number of strata increases as fast or faster than the stratum samples size. It is also shown that this equivalence holds regardless of whether constrained or unconstrained bootstrap is used. This is in contrast to when the number of strata is fixed or increases slower than the stratum sample size, where we show that constrained bootstrap corrects inference to a higher order than unconstrained bootstrap. Simulation experiments support the theoretical findings and demonstrate the excellent performance of bootstrap in extreme scenarios.