论文标题
与近地网络的伽马射线爆发三角剖分
Gamma-Ray Burst Triangulation with a Near-Earth Network
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究伽马射线爆发（GRB）检测器的近地网络（NEN）的特征，目的是定义具有多门仪式天体物理学的全天空全职本地化能力的网络。我们表明，由9个具有不同倾斜度的轨道的9个相同航天器组成的最低网络可提供良好的天空覆盖范围，并具有多个度定位精度，检测器面积为100 cm $^2 $。为了实现这一目标，必须仔细注意系统学。这包括准确的光子正时（$ \ sim $ 0.1毫秒），良好的能量分辨率（$ \ sim $ 10 \％）和减少Earth Rebedo，它们都属于当前功能。这样的网络可以在检测器的数量和大小中缩放，以产生提高的精度。我们引入了一种新的本地化方法，该方法不依赖于车载触发系统或时间历史的互相关，而是在地面处理中测试整个天空的位置，并为它们分配概率以检测和定位事件。我们通过模拟证明了它的功能。如果NEN航天器每秒至少可以下行链路至少几百个时间和能量标记的事件，并且可以在收到的情况下对数据进行地面处理，则它原则上可以在整个天空中在近乎现实的时间内得出GRB位置。
We study the characteristics of Near-Earth-Networks (NENs) of gamma-ray burst (GRB) detectors, with the objective of defining a network with all-sky, full-time localization capability for multi-messenger astrophysics. We show that a minimum network consisting of 9 identical spacecraft in two orbits with different inclinations provides a good combination of sky coverage with several-degree localization accuracy with detector areas of 100 cm$^2$. In order to achieve this, careful attention must be paid to systematics. This includes accurate photon timing ($\sim$ 0.1 ms), good energy resolution ($\sim$ 10\%), and reduction of Earth albedo, which are all within current capabilities. Such a network can be scaled in both the number and size of detectors to produce increased accuracy. We introduce a new method of localization which does not rely on on-board trigger systems or on the cross-correlation of time histories, but rather, in ground processing, tests positions over the entire sky and assigns probabilities to them to detect and localize events. We demonstrate its capabilities with simulations. If the NEN spacecraft can downlink at least several hundred time- and energy-tagged events per second, and the data can be ground-processed as they are received, it can in principle derive GRB positions in near-real time over the entire sky.
