论文标题
温度
Temperaturskalan och Boltzmanns konstant
论文作者
论文摘要
温度尺度和玻尔兹曼常数：最新的单元系统基于一组固定值的天然常数。一个示例是Boltzmann常数K，该常数K定义了热能含量KT。为了表达基本单元T，开尔文的绝对温度，需要就温度量表达成国际协议。量表是使用固定点定义的，固定点是各种相变的温度。特别重要的是273.1600 K的水的三重点。这些固定点温度决定了国际温度尺度在SI系统内。温度测量本身基于物理定律和选择用于确定温度尺度的适当温度材料的性能。为了确定过去二十年来开发的玻尔兹曼常数，已经开发了新的精度技术。实例是不同类型的气体温度计，最终基于理想的气体定律和导体中电荷载载流子的热噪声。通过这些意味着，相对不确定性小于1 ppm，可以固定玻尔兹曼常数的值。截至2019年，已同意将K的值定为1.380649x10^（-23）j/k。该协议取代了开尔文学位的早期定义。
Temperature scale and the Boltzmann constant: The newest system of units is based on a compatible set of natural constants with fixed values. An example is the Boltzmann constant k which defines the thermal energy content kT. To express the base unit T, the absolute temperature in kelvin, an international agreement for the temperature scale is needed. The scale is defined using fixed points, which are temperatures of various phase transitions. Especially important has been the triple point of water at 273.1600 K. These fixed point temperatures determine the international temperature scale ITS within the Si system. Temperature measurement itself is based on physical laws and on the properties of appropriate thermometric materials selected to determine the temperature scale. For determining the Boltzmann constant, new precision techniques have been developed during the last two decades. Examples are different types of gas thermometry, which ultimately are based on the ideal gas law, and thermal noise of electric charge carriers in conductors. With these means it has become possible to fix the value of the Boltzmann constant with a relative uncertainty of < 1 ppm. As of 2019, the value of k has been agreed to be fixed at 1.380649x10^(-23) J/K. This agreement replaces the earlier definition of a Kelvin degree.
