论文标题
一种新形式的液体物质：量子液滴
A new form of liquid matter: quantum droplets
论文作者
论文摘要
这项简要综述总结了最新的理论和实验结果，这些结果预测并确定了量子液滴（QD）的存在，即，在Bose-Einstein冷凝物（BEC）中，在Bose-Einstein冷凝物（BEC）中自我捕获的状态（BEC）稳定的稳定性稳定，这些状态是由有效的selffirepuls稳定的，这些状态是由量子固定的均衡状态（均由量子）稳定的，该状态是由量子循环（mf）稳定的 - （LHY）效应]。提出了基本模型，特别照顾尺寸跨界车，2d-> 3d。最近报道的实验结果在二进制BEC中表现出稳定的3D和Quasi-2d QD，其中组件的吸引力略超过了每个成分中的MF自我抑制，并且在携带永久性磁矩的原子的单组分冷凝物中，均显示了一些详细的介绍。理论结果的摘要主要集中在具有嵌入式涡度的3D和Quasi-2d QD上，因为稳定此类状态的可能性是一个显着的预测。稳定的涡流状态既有QD，又在自由空间中，以及通过反向平方电位将奇异但与物理相关的2D模式提出，而Lhy效应抑制了量子崩溃。
This brief review summarizes recent theoretical and experimental results which predict and establish the existence of quantum droplets (QDs), i.e., robust two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) self-trapped states in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), which are stabilized by effective selffirepulsion induced by quantum fluctuations around the mean-field (MF) states [alias the Lee-Huang--Yang (LHY) effect]. The basic models are presented, taking special care of the dimension crossover, 2D -> 3D. Recently reported experimental results, which exhibit stable 3D and quasi-2D QDs in binary BECs, with the inter-component attraction slightly exceeding the MF self-repulsion in each component, and in single-component condensates of atoms carrying permanent magnetic moments, are presented in some detail. The summary of theoretical results is focused, chiefly, on 3D and quasi-2D QDs with embedded vorticity, as the possibility to stabilize such states is a remarkable prediction. Stable vortex states are presented both for QDs in free space, and for singular but physically relevant 2D modes pulled to the center by the inverse-square potential, with the quantum collapse suppressed by the LHY effect.
