论文标题
测量量子计算机的功能
Measuring the Capabilities of Quantum Computers
论文作者
论文摘要
量子计算机现在已经解决了一个专门的问题，认为对超级计算机非常有用，这表明量子处理器可能很快就可以在科学重要的问题上胜过超级计算机。但是每个量子处理器中的缺陷限制了量子程序中的错误，限制了其功能，目前很难预测特定处理器可以成功运行的程序。我们介绍了可以有效测试任何可编程量子计算机功能的技术，并将其应用于十二个处理器。我们的实验表明，当前的硬件遭受复杂的错误，导致结构化程序失败的阶段比无序的误差（按程序大小衡量）。结果，随机障碍程序行为推断出的标准误差指标不能准确预测有用程序的性能。我们的方法提供了有效，可靠和可扩展的基准测试，可以针对现实世界中的量子计算机性能。
A quantum computer has now solved a specialized problem believed to be intractable for supercomputers, suggesting that quantum processors may soon outperform supercomputers on scientifically important problems. But flaws in each quantum processor limit its capability by causing errors in quantum programs, and it is currently difficult to predict what programs a particular processor can successfully run. We introduce techniques that can efficiently test the capabilities of any programmable quantum computer, and we apply them to twelve processors. Our experiments show that current hardware suffers complex errors that cause structured programs to fail up to an order of magnitude earlier - as measured by program size - than disordered ones. As a result, standard error metrics inferred from random disordered program behavior do not accurately predict performance of useful programs. Our methods provide efficient, reliable, and scalable benchmarks that can be targeted to predict quantum computer performance on real-world problems.
