论文标题

具有第三方集成商的竞争乘车市场

Competitive ride-sourcing market with a third-party integrator

论文作者

Zhou, Yaqian, Yang, Hai, Ke, Jintao, Wang, Hai, Li, Xinwei

论文摘要

最近,一些运输服务提供商试图整合由多个独立乘坐平台提供的乘车服务,并且乘客能够要求乘坐第三方集成商或连接器,并从任何一个平台接收服务。在本文中,这种新颖的商业模式被称为第三方平台融合,有可能减轻由于多个平台之间需求分裂而导致的市场破碎成本。尽管大多数现有的研究都集中在一个单个垄断平台的操作策略上,但对竞争和平台集成以及对操作策略和系统效率的影响却少得多。在本文中,我们提出了数学模型来描述具有多个竞争平台的乘车市场,并在NASH均衡以及社会最佳的情况下比较了两个市场场景之间的系统性能指标。我们发现,在NASH均衡和社会最佳的情况下,平台整合可以增加实现的需求和社会福利,但是当车辆供应足够大或///和市场过于分散时,不一定会产生更大的利润。我们表明,具有平台融合的市场通常可以实现更大的社会福利。一方面,平台整合中的集成商能够产生更厚的市场并减少匹配摩擦。另一方面,多个平台仍在独立设定价格来竞争,这有助于减轻垄断市场的垄断标记。

Recently, some transportation service providers attempt to integrate the ride services offered by multiple independent ride-sourcing platforms, and passengers are able to request ride through such third-party integrators or connectors and receive service from any one of the platforms. This novel business model, termed as third-party platform-integration in this paper, has potentials to alleviate the cost of market fragmentation due to the demand splitting among multiple platforms. While most existing studies focus on the operation strategies for one single monopolist platform, much less is known about the competition and platform-integration as well as the implications on operation strategy and system efficiency. In this paper, we propose mathematical models to describe the ride-sourcing market with multiple competing platforms and compare system performance metrics between two market scenarios, i.e., with and without platform-integration, at Nash equilibrium as well as social optimum. We find that platform-integration can increase total realized demand and social welfare at both Nash equilibrium and social optimum, but may not necessarily generate a greater profit when vehicle supply is sufficiently large or/and market is too fragmented. We show that the market with platform-integration generally achieves greater social welfare. On one hand, the integrator in platform-integration is able to generate a thicker market and reduce matching frictions; on the other hand, multiple platforms are still competing by independently setting their prices, which help to mitigate monopoly mark-up as in the monopoly market.

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