论文标题
没有观察者的标准量子力学
Standard Quantum Mechanics without observers
论文作者
论文摘要
标准量子力学的投影假设从根本上依赖于测量。但是测量值暗示了诸如测量设备之类的人类中心概念的存在，这应该从理论中出现。本文提出了标准量子力学的替代表述，其中投影假设被以测量和观测值为基本的版本所取代。更准确地说，代表相空间上量子状态的WIGNER函数必须紧密约束到相空间的经典粗粒度区域。这样可以确保状态在宏观水平上是准经典的。在粗粒区域内，需要代表量子系统的Wigner函数的时间演变才能遵守Liouville-Von Neumann方程，这是Schrödinger方程的相位。当系统根据诞生规则选择其中一个，但没有参考测量值时，预测预测是在系统从粗晶状区域转变为其他区域时发生的。解释了与量子力学的标准配方的联系，以及当前公式解决的问题，尤其是Wigner的朋友类型的悖论。讨论了拟议配方的实验后果和开放问题。
The Projection Postulate from Standard Quantum Mechanics relies fundamentally on measurements. But measurements implicitly suggest the existence of anthropocentric notions like measuring devices, which should rather emerge from the theory. This article proposes an alternative formulation of the Standard Quantum Mechanics, in which the Projection Postulate is replaced with a version in which measurements and observations are not assumed as fundamental. More precisely, the Wigner functions representing the quantum states on the phase space are required to be tightly constrained to regions of the classical coarse-graining of the phase space. This ensures that states are quasiclassical at the macro level. Within a coarse-graining region, the time evolution of the Wigner functions representing the quantum system is required to obey the Liouville-von Neumann equation, the phase-space equivalent of the Schrödinger equation. The projection is postulated to happen when the system transitions from a coarse-graining region to others, by selecting one of them according to the Born rule, but without reference to a measurements. The connection with the standard formulation of Quantum Mechanics is explained, as well as the problems that the present formulation solves, in particular the Wigner's friend type of paradoxes. Experimental consequences and open problems of the proposed formulation are discussed.
