论文标题
在没有超级质量黑洞反馈的情况下，群集形成时代的超质量黑洞反馈的证据
Evidence of runaway gas cooling in the absence of supermassive black hole feedback at the epoch of cluster formation
论文作者
论文摘要
宇宙学模拟以及观察结果的越来越多的证据表明，超级质量的黑洞在调节整个宇宙时间的形成中起着基本作用。在银河系簇的情况下，这一情况已被清楚地证明，其中中央黑洞的强大反馈正在防止热簇内气体灾难性地冷却，从而通过数量级降低了预期的恒星形成速率。但是，这些结论几乎完全基于附近的群集。基于新的Chandra X射线观察，我们提供了在没有超级质量黑洞反馈的情况下，在高红色高速星系群集SPARCS104922.6+564032.5（$ z = 1.709美元）中，出现了大量失控冷却的观察证据。热集中气体似乎正在助长大量的恒星形成（$ \ od900 $ 〜m $ _ \ odot $ yr $^{ - 1} $），这些$ yr $^{ - 1} $）被中央星系的数十个KPC所抵消。爆发是共同空间的，具有最酷的簇内气体，但与集群中的任何星系无关。在不到1亿年的时间里，这种失控的冷却可以形成与银河系相同的恒星。因此，群内恒星不仅是由于潮汐剥离和聚类星系的破坏而产生的，而且还可以通过早期热冷却量的冷却来产生。总体而言，这些观察结果表明，当超级质量黑洞反馈无法在簇中运行时，会产生巨大的影响。他们表明，在群集和原始群体等最高过度，失控的冷却可能是一种新的重要机制，可以在早期的宇宙中加油恒星形成的大规模爆发。
Cosmological simulations, as well as mounting evidence from observations, have shown that supermassive black holes play a fundamental role in regulating the formation of stars throughout cosmic time. This has been clearly demonstrated in the case of galaxy clusters in which powerful feedback from the central black hole is preventing the hot intracluster gas from cooling catastrophically, thus reducing the expected star formation rates by orders of magnitude. These conclusions have however been almost entirely based on nearby clusters. Based on new Chandra X-ray observations, we present the first observational evidence for massive, runaway cooling occurring in the absence of supermassive black hole feedback in the high-redshift galaxy cluster SpARCS104922.6+564032.5 ($z=1.709$). The hot intracluster gas appears to be fueling a massive burst of star formation ($\approx900$~M$_\odot$yr$^{-1}$) that is offset by dozens of kpc from the central galaxy. The burst is co-spatial with the coolest intracluster gas but not associated with any galaxy in the cluster. In less than 100 million years, such runaway cooling can form the same amount of stars as in the Milky Way. Intracluster stars are therefore not only produced by tidal stripping and the disruption of cluster galaxies, but can also be produced by runaway cooling of hot intracluster gas at early times. Overall, these observations show the dramatic impact when supermassive black hole feedback fails to operate in clusters. They indicate that in the highest overdensities such as clusters and proto-clusters, runaway cooling may be a new and important mechanism for fueling massive bursts of star formation in the early universe.
