论文标题
就像真实的东西一样：量子计算的快速弱模拟
Just Like the Real Thing: Fast Weak Simulation of Quantum Computation
论文作者
论文摘要
量子计算机有望在解决传统计算机方面棘手的问题方面有重要的加速，但是尽管最近进步，但在缩放和可用性方面仍然有限。因此，量子软件和硬件开发在很大程度上依赖于在常规计算机上运行的模拟。大多数这样的方法执行强大的模拟，因为它们明确计算了量子状态的幅度。但是，这些信息并不能直接从物理量子计算机中观察到，因为量子测量结果从这些振幅定义的概率分布中产生随机样本。在这项工作中，我们专注于弱模拟，旨在产生与无错误量子计算机无法区分的输出。我们根据决策图开发基于量子状态表示的弱模拟算法。我们将它们与使用状态矢量数组和前缀总和上的二进制搜索进行比较以执行采样。经验验证首次表明，这可以模仿大规模的物理量子计算机。
Quantum computers promise significant speedups in solving problems intractable for conventional computers but, despite recent progress, remain limited in scaling and availability. Therefore, quantum software and hardware development heavily rely on simulation that runs on conventional computers. Most such approaches perform strong simulation in that they explicitly compute amplitudes of quantum states. However, such information is not directly observable from a physical quantum computer because quantum measurements produce random samples from probability distributions defined by those amplitudes. In this work, we focus on weak simulation that aims to produce outputs which are statistically indistinguishable from those of error-free quantum computers. We develop algorithms for weak simulation based on quantum state representation in terms of decision diagrams. We compare them to using state-vector arrays and binary search on prefix sums to perform sampling. Empirical validation shows, for the first time, that this enables mimicking of physical quantum computers of significant scale.
