论文标题
恒星点的演变,差异旋转以及在开普勒411上的色球层和光球活动之间的相关性
Starspot evolution, Differential Rotation and Correlation between Chromospheric and Photospheric Activities on Kepler-411
论文作者
论文摘要
我们介绍了恒星斑点的演化,表面差异旋转(SDR),色层活性指标之间的相关性以及在活性星开普勒-411上的彩色层和光电活动之间的空间连接,使用Kepler的4年时间序列光度计以及Kepler和Keck I 10-M Telescope和Lijiang 2.4-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M”。我们通过使用软件pyke3的手动重新定义的光圈重新构建了光曲线和从目标像素文件和缩短的基础向量构建光曲线。开发了一个有效的程序GEMC_LCM,以在固定纬度(30,45),(30,60)和(45,60)处使用两个点模型在选择的光曲线段中使用三个斑点组。我们在大约660天的周期中发现了星形周期性变化,这在现场纬度上独立,并估计SDR的下限为$ p _ {\ text {eq}} = 9.7810(0.0169)(0.0169)$ days $ days&$ day and $α= 0.1016(0.0023)(0.0023)$。同时,通过从单个频谱中减去整体平均光谱来得出色球活性指标的相对变化。发现Ca II H和K的排放彼此密切相关,并且根据先前的结果,H $α$和Ca II H&K排放之间也存在与大量分散的相关性。此外,我们发现在2011年和2012年,Ca II H和K排放之间的相关性不同。色圈发射变化显示出高度空间的抗相关性与光曲线,这表明色层活性区域与点区域之间存在空间连接。
We present an analysis of the starspot evolution, the surface differential rotation (SDR), the correlation between chromospheric activity indicators and the spatial connection between chromospheric and photospheric activities on the active star Kepler-411, using time series photometry over 4 years from Kepler, and spectroscopic data from Keck I 10-m telescope and Lijiang 2.4-m telescope. We constructed the light curve by re-performing photometry and reduction from the Target Pixel Files and Cotrending Basis Vectors with a manually redefined aperture using the software PyKE3. An efficient program, GEMC_LCM, was developed to apply a two-spots model to chosen light curve segments with three spot groups at fixed latitudes (30, 45), (30, 60) and (45, 60). We found a periodic variation of the starspots at period of about 660 days which independs on spot latitudes, and estimated the lower limit of SDR as $P_{\text{eq}} = 9.7810(0.0169)$ days and $α= 0.1016(0.0023)$. Simultaneously, the relative variations of chromospheric activity indicators were derived by subtracting the overall mean spectrum from individual spectrum. It is found that Ca II H and K emissions are strongly correlated with each other, and there also exists a correlation between H$α$ and Ca II H & K emissions, with large dispersion, in accordance with previous results. Furthermore we find the correlation between Ca II H and K emissions is different in 2011 and 2012. The chromospheric emission variation shows a highly spatial anti-correlation with the light curve, suggesting a spatial connection between the chromospheric active region and spot region.