论文标题
新的数字平台:巴基斯坦的合并控制
The New Digital Platforms: Merger Control in Pakistan
论文作者
论文摘要
与许多其他国家一样,巴基斯坦竞争政策最初旨在规范传统市场和有形商品和服务的商业行为。但是,互联网的发展和扩散导致数字公司的出现,这些公司破坏了许多经济领域。这些平台为包括搜索引擎,市场和社交网站在内的一系列服务提供数字基础架构。数字经济对全球竞争机构构成了无数的挑战,尤其是在数字合并和收购方面(M&AS)。尽管欧洲联盟和美国等一些司法管辖区在规范技术并购方面取得了长足的进步,但越来越需要巴基斯坦等发展中国家重新考虑其竞争政策工具。本文调查了巴基斯坦数字市场中的合并评论是否通过对巴基斯坦竞争委员会(CCP的)(CCP)(CCP)并进行的并购决策进行经验比较分析来告知与传统市场相同的解释变量,从而在2014年和2019年之间进行了并进行的并购决策。发现CCP表明CCP在审查传统和数字数字方面都适用了相同的决策。因此,本文建立了一个基础,以激发监管巴基斯坦数字平台行业的政策和经济辩论。
The Pakistan competition policy, as in many other countries, was originally designed to regulate business conduct in traditional markets and for tangible goods and services. However, the development and proliferation of the internet has led to the emergence of digital companies which have disrupted many sectors of the economy. These platforms provide digital infrastructure for a range of services including search engines, marketplaces, and social networking sites. The digital economy poses a myriad of challenges for competition authorities worldwide, especially with regard to digital mergers and acquisitions (M&As). While some jurisdictions such as the European Union and the United States have taken significant strides in regulating technological M&As, there is an increasing need for developing countries such as Pakistan to rethink their competition policy tools. This paper investigates whether merger reviews in the Pakistan digital market are informed by the same explanatory variables as in the traditional market, by performing an empirical comparative analysis of the Competition Commission of Pakistan's (CCP's) M&A decisions between 2014 and 2019. The findings indicate the CCP applies the same decision factors in reviewing both traditional and digital M&As. As such, this paper establishes a basis for igniting the policy and economic debate of regulating the digital platform industry in Pakistan.